The Uncertainty Analysis of the Entrance Pupil Irradiance for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation Instrument.
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| Title: | The Uncertainty Analysis of the Entrance Pupil Irradiance for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation Instrument. |
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| Authors: | Zhang, Yuan1,2 (AUTHOR) steven.dewitte@oma.be, Dewitte, Steven2 (AUTHOR), Bi, Shengshan1 (AUTHOR) bss@mail.xjtu.edu.cn |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. Sep2023, Vol. 15 Issue 17, p4132. 24p. |
| Subjects: | Terrestrial radiation, Earth currents, Error analysis in mathematics, Angular distribution (Nuclear physics), Microwave radiometers, Dynamic models |
| Abstract: | Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation (MERO) is expected to improve and enrich the current Earth radiation budget (ERB). For the design of MERO's instrument and the interpretation of Moon-based data, evaluating the uncertainty of the instrument's Entrance Pupil Irradiance (EPI) is an important part. In this work, by analyzing the effect of the Angular Distribution Models (ADMs), Earth's Top of Atmosphere (TOA) flux, and the Earth–Moon distance on the EPI, the uncertainty of EPI is finally studied with the help of the theory of errors. Results show that the ADMs have a stronger influence on the Short-Wave (SW) EPI than those from the Long-Wave (LW). For the change of TOA flux, the SW EPI could keep the attribute of varying hourly time scales, but the LW EPI will lose its hourly-scale variability. The variation in EPI caused by the hourly change of the Moon–Earth distance does not exceed 0.13 mW∙m−2 (1σ). The maximum hourly combined uncertainty reveals that the SW and LW combined uncertainties are about 5.18 and 1.08 mW∙m−2 (1σ), respectively. The linear trend extraction of the EPI demonstrates that the Moon-based data can effectively capture the overall linear change trend of Earth's SW and LW outgoing radiation, and the uncertainty does not change the linear trend of data. The variation of SW and LW EPIs in the long term are 0.16 mW∙m−2 (SW) and 0.23 mW∙m−2 (LW) per decade, respectively. Based on the constraint of the uncertainty, a simplified dynamic response model is built for the cavity radiometer, a kind of MERO instrument, and the results illuminate that the Cassegrain optical system and electrical substitution principle can realize the detection of Earth's outing radiation with the sensitivity design goal 1 mW∙m−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The Uncertainty Analysis of the Entrance Pupil Irradiance for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation Instrument. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yuan%22">Zhang, Yuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> steven.dewitte@oma.be</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dewitte%2C+Steven%22">Dewitte, Steven</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bi%2C+Shengshan%22">Bi, Shengshan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bss@mail.xjtu.edu.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Sep2023, Vol. 15 Issue 17, p4132. 24p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Terrestrial+radiation%22">Terrestrial radiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth+currents%22">Earth currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Error+analysis+in+mathematics%22">Error analysis in mathematics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Angular+distribution+%28Nuclear+physics%29%22">Angular distribution (Nuclear physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microwave+radiometers%22">Microwave radiometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+models%22">Dynamic models</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation (MERO) is expected to improve and enrich the current Earth radiation budget (ERB). For the design of MERO's instrument and the interpretation of Moon-based data, evaluating the uncertainty of the instrument's Entrance Pupil Irradiance (EPI) is an important part. In this work, by analyzing the effect of the Angular Distribution Models (ADMs), Earth's Top of Atmosphere (TOA) flux, and the Earth–Moon distance on the EPI, the uncertainty of EPI is finally studied with the help of the theory of errors. Results show that the ADMs have a stronger influence on the Short-Wave (SW) EPI than those from the Long-Wave (LW). For the change of TOA flux, the SW EPI could keep the attribute of varying hourly time scales, but the LW EPI will lose its hourly-scale variability. The variation in EPI caused by the hourly change of the Moon–Earth distance does not exceed 0.13 mW∙m−2 (1σ). The maximum hourly combined uncertainty reveals that the SW and LW combined uncertainties are about 5.18 and 1.08 mW∙m−2 (1σ), respectively. The linear trend extraction of the EPI demonstrates that the Moon-based data can effectively capture the overall linear change trend of Earth's SW and LW outgoing radiation, and the uncertainty does not change the linear trend of data. The variation of SW and LW EPIs in the long term are 0.16 mW∙m−2 (SW) and 0.23 mW∙m−2 (LW) per decade, respectively. Based on the constraint of the uncertainty, a simplified dynamic response model is built for the cavity radiometer, a kind of MERO instrument, and the results illuminate that the Cassegrain optical system and electrical substitution principle can realize the detection of Earth's outing radiation with the sensitivity design goal 1 mW∙m−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/rs15174132 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 24 StartPage: 4132 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Terrestrial radiation Type: general – SubjectFull: Earth currents Type: general – SubjectFull: Error analysis in mathematics Type: general – SubjectFull: Angular distribution (Nuclear physics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Microwave radiometers Type: general – SubjectFull: Dynamic models Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The Uncertainty Analysis of the Entrance Pupil Irradiance for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation Instrument. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Yuan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dewitte, Steven – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bi, Shengshan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2023 Type: published Y: 2023 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20724292 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 15 – Type: issue Value: 17 Titles: – TitleFull: Remote Sensing Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
