Critical Evaluation of the Methods for the Characterization of the Degree of Sulfonation for Electron Beam Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes.
Saved in:
| Title: | Critical Evaluation of the Methods for the Characterization of the Degree of Sulfonation for Electron Beam Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Pakalniete, Laura Dace1,2 (AUTHOR) ingars.reinholds@lu.lv, Maskova, Elizabete1,2 (AUTHOR) elizabete.maskova@lu.lv, Zabolockis, Rudolfs Janis1,2 (AUTHOR) einars.sprugis@lu.lv, Avotina, Liga1 (AUTHOR) guntars.vaivars@lu.lv, Sprugis, Einars1,3 (AUTHOR) elina.pajuste@lu.lv, Reinholds, Ingars2,4,5 (AUTHOR), Rzepna, Magdalena6 (AUTHOR) m.rzepna@ichtj.waw.pl, Vaivars, Guntars1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Pajuste, Elina1,2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Sep2023, Vol. 16 Issue 18, p6098. 15p. |
| Subjects: | Electron beams, Polyethers, Direct methanol fuel cells, Ketones, Proton magnetic resonance, Sulfonation, Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| Abstract: | Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) materials are promising candidates for replacing Nafion™ in applications such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) and direct methanol fuel cells. SPEEK membranes have several advantages such as low cost, thermal and radiation stability and controllable physicochemical and mechanical properties, which depend on the degree of sulfonation (DS). Commercial PEEK was homogenously sulfonated up to a DS of 60–90% and the membranes were prepared using a solvent casting method. Part of the samples were irradiated with a 10 MeV electron beam up to a 500 kGy dose to assess the ionizing radiation-induced effects. Both non-irradiated and irradiated membranes were characterized by Fourier Transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance analysis and, for the first time for non-irradiated membranes, by spectrophotometric analysis with Cr(III). The above-mentioned methods for application for DS assessment were compared. The aim of this study is to compare different methods used for the determination of the DS of SPEEK membranes before and after high-dose irradiation. It was observed that irradiated membranes presented a higher value of DS. The appearance of different new signals in 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra of irradiated membranes indicated that the effects of radiation induced changes in the structure of SPEEK materials. The good correlation of Cr(III) absorption and SPEEK DS up to 80% indicates that the spectrophotometric method is a comparable tool for the characterization of SPEEK membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
|
Full text is not displayed to guests.
Login for full access.
|
|
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 1 |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 172418003 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Critical Evaluation of the Methods for the Characterization of the Degree of Sulfonation for Electron Beam Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pakalniete%2C+Laura+Dace%22">Pakalniete, Laura Dace</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ingars.reinholds@lu.lv</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maskova%2C+Elizabete%22">Maskova, Elizabete</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> elizabete.maskova@lu.lv</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zabolockis%2C+Rudolfs+Janis%22">Zabolockis, Rudolfs Janis</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> einars.sprugis@lu.lv</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Avotina%2C+Liga%22">Avotina, Liga</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> guntars.vaivars@lu.lv</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sprugis%2C+Einars%22">Sprugis, Einars</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> elina.pajuste@lu.lv</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reinholds%2C+Ingars%22">Reinholds, Ingars</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rzepna%2C+Magdalena%22">Rzepna, Magdalena</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> m.rzepna@ichtj.waw.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vaivars%2C+Guntars%22">Vaivars, Guntars</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pajuste%2C+Elina%22">Pajuste, Elina</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Sep2023, Vol. 16 Issue 18, p6098. 15p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+beams%22">Electron beams</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethers%22">Polyethers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Direct+methanol+fuel+cells%22">Direct methanol fuel cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ketones%22">Ketones</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Proton+magnetic+resonance%22">Proton magnetic resonance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfonation%22">Sulfonation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nuclear+magnetic+resonance%22">Nuclear magnetic resonance</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) materials are promising candidates for replacing Nafion™ in applications such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) and direct methanol fuel cells. SPEEK membranes have several advantages such as low cost, thermal and radiation stability and controllable physicochemical and mechanical properties, which depend on the degree of sulfonation (DS). Commercial PEEK was homogenously sulfonated up to a DS of 60–90% and the membranes were prepared using a solvent casting method. Part of the samples were irradiated with a 10 MeV electron beam up to a 500 kGy dose to assess the ionizing radiation-induced effects. Both non-irradiated and irradiated membranes were characterized by Fourier Transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance analysis and, for the first time for non-irradiated membranes, by spectrophotometric analysis with Cr(III). The above-mentioned methods for application for DS assessment were compared. The aim of this study is to compare different methods used for the determination of the DS of SPEEK membranes before and after high-dose irradiation. It was observed that irradiated membranes presented a higher value of DS. The appearance of different new signals in 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra of irradiated membranes indicated that the effects of radiation induced changes in the structure of SPEEK materials. The good correlation of Cr(III) absorption and SPEEK DS up to 80% indicates that the spectrophotometric method is a comparable tool for the characterization of SPEEK membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=172418003 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ma16186098 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 15 StartPage: 6098 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electron beams Type: general – SubjectFull: Polyethers Type: general – SubjectFull: Direct methanol fuel cells Type: general – SubjectFull: Ketones Type: general – SubjectFull: Proton magnetic resonance Type: general – SubjectFull: Sulfonation Type: general – SubjectFull: Nuclear magnetic resonance Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Critical Evaluation of the Methods for the Characterization of the Degree of Sulfonation for Electron Beam Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pakalniete, Laura Dace – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Maskova, Elizabete – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zabolockis, Rudolfs Janis – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Avotina, Liga – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sprugis, Einars – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Reinholds, Ingars – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rzepna, Magdalena – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vaivars, Guntars – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pajuste, Elina IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 09 Text: Sep2023 Type: published Y: 2023 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961944 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 16 – Type: issue Value: 18 Titles: – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
