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Temperature and alkaline solution effects on the hydro-mechanical behaviours of GMZ bentonite pellet mixtures.

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Title: Temperature and alkaline solution effects on the hydro-mechanical behaviours of GMZ bentonite pellet mixtures.
Authors: Liu, Zhang-Rong1 (AUTHOR), Ye, Wei-Min1,2 (AUTHOR) ye_tju@tongji.edu.cn, Zhu, Jiang-Cheng1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yong-Gui1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Qiong1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Acta Geotechnica. Nov2023, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p6097-6110. 14p.
Subjects: Radioactive wastes, Bentonite, Alkaline solutions, Pore size distribution, Hydraulic conductivity, Water consumption, Scanning electron microscopy
Abstract: Bentonite pellet mixture emplaced in a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository may suffer decay heat released by nuclides and alkaline solutions produced by concrete degradation, leading to complex hydro-mechanical behaviours different to those of compacted bentonite blocks. In this paper, swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on bentonite pellet mixtures infiltrated with distilled water and NaOH solutions (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M) at different temperatures (20, 40 and 60 °C). At selected hydration times, water contents, dry densities, pore size distributions of lower, middle and upper layers of the specimens were measured. Mineralogies and microfabrics of the bottom part of the specimens were also studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that with increasing NaOH concentration (0–0.5 M) and temperature, more montmorillonites were dissolved and more large pores or even cracks generated in the specimen, leading to deteriorated swelling pressure and increased hydraulic conductivity. As the NaOH concentration further increased to 1.0 M, large pores and cracks were clogged by precipitates generated during dissolution of montmorillonite, resulting in decreased hydraulic conductivity. The migration of water/solution was significantly retarded by combinedly increasing NaOH concentration and temperature, due to the reduced adsorption and capillary ability of the bentonite, pore clogging near the specimen bottom as well as chemical consumption of pore water during the dissolution of montmorillonite and other minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Temperature and alkaline solution effects on the hydro-mechanical behaviours of GMZ bentonite pellet mixtures.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zhang-Rong%22">Liu, Zhang-Rong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ye%2C+Wei-Min%22">Ye, Wei-Min</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ye_tju@tongji.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Jiang-Cheng%22">Zhu, Jiang-Cheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yong-Gui%22">Chen, Yong-Gui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Qiong%22">Wang, Qiong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Geotechnica%22">Acta Geotechnica</searchLink>. Nov2023, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p6097-6110. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radioactive+wastes%22">Radioactive wastes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bentonite%22">Bentonite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alkaline+solutions%22">Alkaline solutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pore+size+distribution%22">Pore size distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydraulic+conductivity%22">Hydraulic conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+consumption%22">Water consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Bentonite pellet mixture emplaced in a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository may suffer decay heat released by nuclides and alkaline solutions produced by concrete degradation, leading to complex hydro-mechanical behaviours different to those of compacted bentonite blocks. In this paper, swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on bentonite pellet mixtures infiltrated with distilled water and NaOH solutions (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M) at different temperatures (20, 40 and 60 °C). At selected hydration times, water contents, dry densities, pore size distributions of lower, middle and upper layers of the specimens were measured. Mineralogies and microfabrics of the bottom part of the specimens were also studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that with increasing NaOH concentration (0–0.5 M) and temperature, more montmorillonites were dissolved and more large pores or even cracks generated in the specimen, leading to deteriorated swelling pressure and increased hydraulic conductivity. As the NaOH concentration further increased to 1.0 M, large pores and cracks were clogged by precipitates generated during dissolution of montmorillonite, resulting in decreased hydraulic conductivity. The migration of water/solution was significantly retarded by combinedly increasing NaOH concentration and temperature, due to the reduced adsorption and capillary ability of the bentonite, pore clogging near the specimen bottom as well as chemical consumption of pore water during the dissolution of montmorillonite and other minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11440-023-02044-7
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      – SubjectFull: Alkaline solutions
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      – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy
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              Text: Nov2023
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