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Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser.

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Title: Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser.
Authors: Engel, Robin Y.1,2 (AUTHOR), Alexander, Oliver3 (AUTHOR), Atak, Kaan1 (AUTHOR), Bovensiepen, Uwe4,5 (AUTHOR), Buck, Jens6,7 (AUTHOR), Carley, Robert8 (AUTHOR), Cascella, Michele9 (AUTHOR), Chardonnet, Valentin10 (AUTHOR), Chiuzbaian, Gheorghe Sorin10 (AUTHOR), David, Christian11 (AUTHOR), Döring, Florian11 (AUTHOR), Eschenlohr, Andrea4 (AUTHOR), Gerasimova, Natalia8 (AUTHOR), Groot, Frank de12 (AUTHOR), Guyader, Loïc Le8 (AUTHOR), Humphries, Oliver S.8 (AUTHOR), Izquierdo, Manuel8 (AUTHOR), Jal, Emmanuelle10 (AUTHOR), Kubec, Adam11 (AUTHOR), Laarmann, Tim1,13 (AUTHOR)
Source: Structural Dynamics. Sep2023, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p1-21. 21p.
Subjects: Free electron lasers, X-ray absorption, Femtosecond pulses, Metallic thin films, Population dynamics, Lasers, Nickel
Abstract: Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-ray–matter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in the L 3 -edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm2. We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Structural Dynamics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Engel%2C+Robin+Y%2E%22">Engel, Robin Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alexander%2C+Oliver%22">Alexander, Oliver</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Atak%2C+Kaan%22">Atak, Kaan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bovensiepen%2C+Uwe%22">Bovensiepen, Uwe</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buck%2C+Jens%22">Buck, Jens</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carley%2C+Robert%22">Carley, Robert</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cascella%2C+Michele%22">Cascella, Michele</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chardonnet%2C+Valentin%22">Chardonnet, Valentin</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chiuzbaian%2C+Gheorghe+Sorin%22">Chiuzbaian, Gheorghe Sorin</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22David%2C+Christian%22">David, Christian</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Döring%2C+Florian%22">Döring, Florian</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eschenlohr%2C+Andrea%22">Eschenlohr, Andrea</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gerasimova%2C+Natalia%22">Gerasimova, Natalia</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Groot%2C+Frank+de%22">Groot, Frank de</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guyader%2C+Loïc+Le%22">Guyader, Loïc Le</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Humphries%2C+Oliver+S%2E%22">Humphries, Oliver S.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Izquierdo%2C+Manuel%22">Izquierdo, Manuel</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jal%2C+Emmanuelle%22">Jal, Emmanuelle</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kubec%2C+Adam%22">Kubec, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laarmann%2C+Tim%22">Laarmann, Tim</searchLink><relatesTo>1,13</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Structural+Dynamics%22">Structural Dynamics</searchLink>. Sep2023, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p1-21. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Free+electron+lasers%22">Free electron lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+absorption%22">X-ray absorption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Femtosecond+pulses%22">Femtosecond pulses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metallic+thin+films%22">Metallic thin films</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+dynamics%22">Population dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lasers%22">Lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nickel%22">Nickel</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-ray–matter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in the L 3 -edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm2. We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Structural Dynamics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=173362728
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        Value: 10.1063/4.0000206
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
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      – SubjectFull: Free electron lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray absorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Femtosecond pulses
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      – SubjectFull: Metallic thin films
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      – SubjectFull: Population dynamics
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      – SubjectFull: Lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nickel
        Type: general
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