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Highly sensitive differential Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator sensor for material characterization.

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Title: Highly sensitive differential Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator sensor for material characterization.
Authors: Buragohain, Akash1 (AUTHOR) 87.akashburagohain@gmail.com, Das, Gouree Shankar1 (AUTHOR) gsdas@dibru.ac.in, Beria, Yatish1 (AUTHOR) yatish.beria.786@gmail.com, Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah2 (AUTHOR) ahmedjamal@utem.edu.my, Kalita, Partha Protim1 (AUTHOR) kalitapartha14@gmail.com, Doloi, Trishna1 (AUTHOR) doloitrishna1@gmail.com
Source: Sensors & Actuators A: Physical. Dec2023, Vol. 363, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Resonators, Permittivity, Detectors, Electric lines, Electric fields
Abstract: In this paper, a highly sensitive differential Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator (HSRR) sensor is presented operating at 5.3 GHz for permittivity characterization of organic liquids. The hexagonal design has a smaller surface area for better field concentration and also possesses a long lateral interaction length for better power transfer from the feed to the resonators. The sensor is designed by loading a 50 Ω transmission line with a pair of symmetrically placed HSRRs on either side of the transmission line. Differential sensing is achieved by using one of the resonating elements as the reference and the other as the material sensing unit. The sensor is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate to keep the cost low without sacrificing sensitivity. The sensor's performance is investigated using six Liquid Under Tests (LUTs), covering a wide range of dielectric constants (ε r ′) from 1 to 20.6 , while two LUTs are taken as unknown samples, and their complex permittivity is accurately determined. Due to the high concentration of the electric field, the sensor delivers an extremely high normalized sensitivity of 4.646 % (246.48 MHz of average sensitivity). The sensor is capable of determining the complex permittivity of unknown LUTs with less than 1.15 % error, with the additional advantage of differential sensing, thus making it immune to environmental fluctuations. [Display omitted] • SRR-based differential microwave sensor has been designed and fabricated. • A hexagonal design has been introduced for better coupling of the resonators. • Liquids with a wide range of dielectric constants have been carefully selected to validate the sensor's performance. • The sensor posesses normalised sensitivity of 4.646 % and average sensitivity of 246.48 MHz. • The sensor predicts permittivity of unknown samples with high accuracy and can be a good alternative to commercial sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 173487591
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  Data: Highly sensitive differential Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator sensor for material characterization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buragohain%2C+Akash%22">Buragohain, Akash</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 87.akashburagohain@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Das%2C+Gouree+Shankar%22">Das, Gouree Shankar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gsdas@dibru.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beria%2C+Yatish%22">Beria, Yatish</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yatish.beria.786@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al-Gburi%2C+Ahmed+Jamal+Abdullah%22">Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ahmedjamal@utem.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kalita%2C+Partha+Protim%22">Kalita, Partha Protim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kalitapartha14@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doloi%2C+Trishna%22">Doloi, Trishna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> doloitrishna1@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Sensors+%26+Actuators+A%3A+Physical%22">Sensors & Actuators A: Physical</searchLink>. Dec2023, Vol. 363, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resonators%22">Resonators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Permittivity%22">Permittivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detectors%22">Detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+lines%22">Electric lines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+fields%22">Electric fields</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this paper, a highly sensitive differential Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator (HSRR) sensor is presented operating at 5.3 GHz for permittivity characterization of organic liquids. The hexagonal design has a smaller surface area for better field concentration and also possesses a long lateral interaction length for better power transfer from the feed to the resonators. The sensor is designed by loading a 50 Ω transmission line with a pair of symmetrically placed HSRRs on either side of the transmission line. Differential sensing is achieved by using one of the resonating elements as the reference and the other as the material sensing unit. The sensor is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate to keep the cost low without sacrificing sensitivity. The sensor's performance is investigated using six Liquid Under Tests (LUTs), covering a wide range of dielectric constants (ε r ′) from 1 to 20.6 , while two LUTs are taken as unknown samples, and their complex permittivity is accurately determined. Due to the high concentration of the electric field, the sensor delivers an extremely high normalized sensitivity of 4.646 % (246.48 MHz of average sensitivity). The sensor is capable of determining the complex permittivity of unknown LUTs with less than 1.15 % error, with the additional advantage of differential sensing, thus making it immune to environmental fluctuations. [Display omitted] • SRR-based differential microwave sensor has been designed and fabricated. • A hexagonal design has been introduced for better coupling of the resonators. • Liquids with a wide range of dielectric constants have been carefully selected to validate the sensor's performance. • The sensor posesses normalised sensitivity of 4.646 % and average sensitivity of 246.48 MHz. • The sensor predicts permittivity of unknown samples with high accuracy and can be a good alternative to commercial sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.sna.2023.114704
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Resonators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Permittivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Detectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric lines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric fields
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Highly sensitive differential Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator sensor for material characterization.
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            NameFull: Buragohain, Akash
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            NameFull: Das, Gouree Shankar
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            NameFull: Beria, Yatish
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            NameFull: Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah
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            NameFull: Kalita, Partha Protim
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            NameFull: Doloi, Trishna
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2023
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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              Value: 09244247
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 363
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            – TitleFull: Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
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