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Changes in tissue sodium concentration and sodium relaxation times during the maturation of human knee cartilage: Ex vivo 23Na MRI study at 10.5 T.

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Title: Changes in tissue sodium concentration and sodium relaxation times during the maturation of human knee cartilage: Ex vivo 23Na MRI study at 10.5 T.
Authors: Zbýň, Štefan1,2,3 (AUTHOR) zbyns@ccf.org, Ludwig, Kai D.1,2 (AUTHOR), Watkins, Lauren E.4,5 (AUTHOR), Lagore, Russell L.1 (AUTHOR), Nowacki, Amanda1,6 (AUTHOR), Tóth, Ferenc7 (AUTHOR), Tompkins, Marc A.8 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Lin9 (AUTHOR), Adriany, Gregor1 (AUTHOR), Gold, Garry E.4 (AUTHOR), Shea, Kevin G.10 (AUTHOR), Nagel, Armin M.11,12 (AUTHOR), Carlson, Cathy S.7 (AUTHOR), Metzger, Gregory J.1 (AUTHOR), Ellermann, Jutta M.1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Mar2024, Vol. 91 Issue 3, p1099-1114. 16p.
Subjects: Cartilage, Sodium, Magnetic resonance imaging, Graphical projection, Knee
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the influence of skeletal maturation on sodium (23Na) MRI relaxation parameters and the accuracy of tissue sodium concentration (TSC) quantification in human knee cartilage. Methods: Twelve pediatric knee specimens were imaged with whole‐body 10.5 T MRI using a density‐adapted 3D radial projection sequence to evaluate 23Na parameters: B1+, T1, biexponential T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$, and TSC. Water, collagen, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content were calculated from osteochondral biopsies. The TSC was corrected for B1+, relaxation, and water content. The literature‐based TSC (TSCLB) used previously published values for corrections, whereas the specimen‐specific TSC (TSCSP) used measurements from individual specimens. 23Na parameters were evaluated in eight cartilage compartments segmented on proton images. Associations between 23Na parameters, TSCLB − TSCSP difference, biochemical content, and age were determined. Results: From birth to 12 years, cartilage water content decreased by 18%; collagen increased by 59%; and sGAG decreased by 36% (all R2 ≥ 0.557). The short T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ (T2*S$$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$) decreased by 72%, and the signal fraction relaxing with T2*S$$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (fT2*S$$ {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$) increased by 55% during the first 5 years but remained relatively stable after that. TSCSP was significantly correlated with sGAG content from biopsies (R2 = 0.739). Depending on age, TSCLB showed higher or lower values than TSCSP. The TSCLB − TSCSP difference was significantly correlated with T2*S$$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.850), fT2*S$$ {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.651), and water content (R2 = 0.738). Conclusion: TSC and relaxation parameters measured with 23Na MRI provide noninvasive information about changes in sGAG content and collagen matrix during cartilage maturation. Cartilage TSC quantification assuming fixed relaxation may be feasible in children older than 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Changes in tissue sodium concentration and sodium relaxation times during the maturation of human knee cartilage: Ex vivo <superscript>23</superscript>Na MRI study at 10.5 T.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zbýň%2C+Štefan%22">Zbýň, Štefan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zbyns@ccf.org</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ludwig%2C+Kai+D%2E%22">Ludwig, Kai D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watkins%2C+Lauren+E%2E%22">Watkins, Lauren E.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lagore%2C+Russell+L%2E%22">Lagore, Russell L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nowacki%2C+Amanda%22">Nowacki, Amanda</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tóth%2C+Ferenc%22">Tóth, Ferenc</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tompkins%2C+Marc+A%2E%22">Tompkins, Marc A.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Lin%22">Zhang, Lin</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adriany%2C+Gregor%22">Adriany, Gregor</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gold%2C+Garry+E%2E%22">Gold, Garry E.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shea%2C+Kevin+G%2E%22">Shea, Kevin G.</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nagel%2C+Armin+M%2E%22">Nagel, Armin M.</searchLink><relatesTo>11,12</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carlson%2C+Cathy+S%2E%22">Carlson, Cathy S.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Metzger%2C+Gregory+J%2E%22">Metzger, Gregory J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ellermann%2C+Jutta+M%2E%22">Ellermann, Jutta M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Mar2024, Vol. 91 Issue 3, p1099-1114. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cartilage%22">Cartilage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sodium%22">Sodium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphical+projection%22">Graphical projection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Knee%22">Knee</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: To evaluate the influence of skeletal maturation on sodium (23Na) MRI relaxation parameters and the accuracy of tissue sodium concentration (TSC) quantification in human knee cartilage. Methods: Twelve pediatric knee specimens were imaged with whole‐body 10.5 T MRI using a density‐adapted 3D radial projection sequence to evaluate 23Na parameters: B1+, T1, biexponential T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$, and TSC. Water, collagen, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content were calculated from osteochondral biopsies. The TSC was corrected for B1+, relaxation, and water content. The literature‐based TSC (TSCLB) used previously published values for corrections, whereas the specimen‐specific TSC (TSCSP) used measurements from individual specimens. 23Na parameters were evaluated in eight cartilage compartments segmented on proton images. Associations between 23Na parameters, TSCLB − TSCSP difference, biochemical content, and age were determined. Results: From birth to 12 years, cartilage water content decreased by 18%; collagen increased by 59%; and sGAG decreased by 36% (all R2 ≥ 0.557). The short T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ (T2*S$$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$) decreased by 72%, and the signal fraction relaxing with T2*S$$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (fT2*S$$ {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$) increased by 55% during the first 5 years but remained relatively stable after that. TSCSP was significantly correlated with sGAG content from biopsies (R2 = 0.739). Depending on age, TSCLB showed higher or lower values than TSCSP. The TSCLB − TSCSP difference was significantly correlated with T2*S$$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.850), fT2*S$$ {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.651), and water content (R2 = 0.738). Conclusion: TSC and relaxation parameters measured with 23Na MRI provide noninvasive information about changes in sGAG content and collagen matrix during cartilage maturation. Cartilage TSC quantification assuming fixed relaxation may be feasible in children older than 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.29930
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1099
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cartilage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sodium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Graphical projection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Knee
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Changes in tissue sodium concentration and sodium relaxation times during the maturation of human knee cartilage: Ex vivo 23Na MRI study at 10.5 T.
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              Text: Mar2024
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