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Glutamate measurements using edited MRS.

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Title: Glutamate measurements using edited MRS.
Authors: Saleh, Muhammad G.1,2 (AUTHOR) salehm@chop.edu, Prescot, Andrew3 (AUTHOR), Chang, Linda4 (AUTHOR), Cloak, Christine4 (AUTHOR), Cunningham, Eric4 (AUTHOR), Subramaniam, Punitha5,6 (AUTHOR), Renshaw, Perry F.5,6 (AUTHOR), Yurgelun‐Todd, Deborah5,6 (AUTHOR), Zöllner, Helge J.7,8 (AUTHOR), Roberts, Timothy P. L.1,2 (AUTHOR), Edden, Richard A. E.7,8 (AUTHOR), Ernst, Thomas4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Apr2024, Vol. 91 Issue 4, p1314-1322. 9p.
Subjects: Glutamic acid, Glutamine, GABA, Glutathione
Abstract: Purpose: To demonstrate J‐difference coediting of glutamate using Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of Mescher‐Garwood‐edited spectroscopy (HERMES). Methods: Density‐matrix simulations of HERMES (TE 80 ms) and 1D J‐resolved (TE 31–229 ms) of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione (GSH) were performed. HERMES comprised four sub‐experiments with editing pulses applied as follows: (A) 1.9/4.56 ppm simultaneously (ONGABA/ONGSH); (B) 1.9 ppm only (ONGABA/OFFGSH); (C) 4.56 ppm only (OFFGABA/ONGSH); and (D) 7.5 ppm (OFFGABA/OFFGSH). Phantom HERMES and 1D J‐resolved experiments of Glu were performed. Finally, in vivo HERMES (20‐ms editing pulses) and 1D J‐resolved (TE 31–229 ms) experiments were performed on 137 participants using 3 T MRI scanners. LCModel was used for quantification. Results: HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show a Glu‐edited signal at 2.34 ppm in the Hadamard sum combination A+B+C+D with no overlapping Gln signal. The J‐resolved simulations and phantom experiments show substantial TE modulation of the Glu and Gln signals across the TEs, whose average yields a well‐resolved Glu signal closely matching the Glu‐edited signal from the HERMES sum spectrum. In vivo quantification of Glu show that the two methods are highly correlated (p < 0.001) with a bias of ∼10%, along with similar between‐subject coefficients of variation (HERMES/TE‐averaged: ∼7.3%/∼6.9%). Other Hadamard combinations produce the expected GABA‐edited (A+B–C–D) or GSH‐edited (A–B+C–D) signal. Conclusion: HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show the separation of Glu from Gln. In vivo HERMES experiments yield Glu (without Gln), GABA, and GSH in a single MRS scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Glutamate measurements using edited MRS.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Saleh%2C+Muhammad+G%2E%22&quot;&gt;Saleh, Muhammad G.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; salehm@chop.edu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Prescot%2C+Andrew%22&quot;&gt;Prescot, Andrew&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chang%2C+Linda%22&quot;&gt;Chang, Linda&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cloak%2C+Christine%22&quot;&gt;Cloak, Christine&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cunningham%2C+Eric%22&quot;&gt;Cunningham, Eric&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Subramaniam%2C+Punitha%22&quot;&gt;Subramaniam, Punitha&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5,6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Renshaw%2C+Perry+F%2E%22&quot;&gt;Renshaw, Perry F.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5,6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Yurgelun‐Todd%2C+Deborah%22&quot;&gt;Yurgelun‐Todd, Deborah&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5,6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Z&#246;llner%2C+Helge+J%2E%22&quot;&gt;Z&#246;llner, Helge J.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;7,8&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Roberts%2C+Timothy+P%2E+L%2E%22&quot;&gt;Roberts, Timothy P. L.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Edden%2C+Richard+A%2E+E%2E%22&quot;&gt;Edden, Richard A. E.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;7,8&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ernst%2C+Thomas%22&quot;&gt;Ernst, Thomas&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22&quot;&gt;Magnetic Resonance in Medicine&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Apr2024, Vol. 91 Issue 4, p1314-1322. 9p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Glutamic+acid%22&quot;&gt;Glutamic acid&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Glutamine%22&quot;&gt;Glutamine&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22GABA%22&quot;&gt;GABA&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Glutathione%22&quot;&gt;Glutathione&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: To demonstrate J‐difference coediting of glutamate using Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of Mescher‐Garwood‐edited spectroscopy (HERMES). Methods: Density‐matrix simulations of HERMES (TE 80 ms) and 1D J‐resolved (TE 31–229 ms) of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione (GSH) were performed. HERMES comprised four sub‐experiments with editing pulses applied as follows: (A) 1.9/4.56 ppm simultaneously (ONGABA/ONGSH); (B) 1.9 ppm only (ONGABA/OFFGSH); (C) 4.56 ppm only (OFFGABA/ONGSH); and (D) 7.5 ppm (OFFGABA/OFFGSH). Phantom HERMES and 1D J‐resolved experiments of Glu were performed. Finally, in vivo HERMES (20‐ms editing pulses) and 1D J‐resolved (TE 31–229 ms) experiments were performed on 137 participants using 3 T MRI scanners. LCModel was used for quantification. Results: HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show a Glu‐edited signal at 2.34 ppm in the Hadamard sum combination A+B+C+D with no overlapping Gln signal. The J‐resolved simulations and phantom experiments show substantial TE modulation of the Glu and Gln signals across the TEs, whose average yields a well‐resolved Glu signal closely matching the Glu‐edited signal from the HERMES sum spectrum. In vivo quantification of Glu show that the two methods are highly correlated (p &lt; 0.001) with a bias of ∼10%, along with similar between‐subject coefficients of variation (HERMES/TE‐averaged: ∼7.3%/∼6.9%). Other Hadamard combinations produce the expected GABA‐edited (A+B–C–D) or GSH‐edited (A–B+C–D) signal. Conclusion: HERMES simulation and phantom experiments show the separation of Glu from Gln. In vivo HERMES experiments yield Glu (without Gln), GABA, and GSH in a single MRS scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.29929
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1314
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Glutamic acid
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glutamine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: GABA
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glutathione
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Glutamate measurements using edited MRS.
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              Text: Apr2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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