Wear metal determination in lubricating oils by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry.
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| Title: | Wear metal determination in lubricating oils by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Sáez, Carmen1,2 (AUTHOR), Stoitsov, Dimitar3 (AUTHOR), Aguirre, Miguel Ángel2 (AUTHOR) aguirre.pastor@ua.es, Kmetov, Veselin3 (AUTHOR), Coscollà, Clara4 (AUTHOR), Canals, Antonio2 (AUTHOR) a.canals@ua.es |
| Source: | JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry). Feb2024, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p370-377. 8p. |
| Subjects: | Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Microwave plasmas, Lubricating oils, Analytical chemistry, Diesel motors, Ochratoxins |
| Abstract: | A periodic study of engine oil can allow one to anticipate possible breakdowns that a vehicle could have. Due to the complexity of the matrix of this type of sample, a sample treatment prior to analysis is necessary. Analytical chemistry is constantly searching for simpler, more sensitive and environmentally friendly methods. The reversed phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction fulfills all the characteristics for the analysis in this type of sample by microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES). In this work, the extractant solvent used for the microextraction procedure is a diluted acid solution (i.e., 3 M HCl), which is a less-hazardous solvent, in comparison with other solvents used in microextraction procedures. Besides, it is perfectly compatible with MIP OES. The main experimental factors affecting the extraction of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Ni (i.e., amount of sample, extractant type, acid concentration, extractant volume, extractant time, and centrifugation time and speed) are optimized using a multivariate analysis consisting of two steps: a Plackett–Burman design followed by a circumscribed central composite design. Under optimum conditions (i.e., amount of sample: 5.9 g; extractant volume: 60 μL; extractant type: HCl; acid concentration: 3 M; extraction time: 3 min; centrifugation time: 3 min; centrifugation speed: 2000 rpm), the proposed analytical method is validated and employed to analyze different samples (i.e., used and unused engine oils). Two calibration methods have been evaluated since matrix effects have been observed in the used engine oil sample. These effects have been eliminated using standard addition calibration obtaining RSD and recovery values in the range of 4–12% and 94–106%, respectively, for samples spiked with 1 μg g−1 of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo and Ni. Finally, the greenness of this method has been assessed by the Eco-Scale metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry) is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 175307904 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Wear metal determination in lubricating oils by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sáez%2C+Carmen%22">Sáez, Carmen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stoitsov%2C+Dimitar%22">Stoitsov, Dimitar</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aguirre%2C+Miguel+Ángel%22">Aguirre, Miguel Ángel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> aguirre.pastor@ua.es</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kmetov%2C+Veselin%22">Kmetov, Veselin</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Coscollà%2C+Clara%22">Coscollà, Clara</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Canals%2C+Antonio%22">Canals, Antonio</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> a.canals@ua.es</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22JAAS+%28Journal+of+Analytical+Atomic+Spectrometry%29%22">JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry)</searchLink>. Feb2024, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p370-377. 8p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inductively+coupled+plasma+atomic+emission+spectrometry%22">Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microwave+plasmas%22">Microwave plasmas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lubricating+oils%22">Lubricating oils</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+chemistry%22">Analytical chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diesel+motors%22">Diesel motors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ochratoxins%22">Ochratoxins</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: A periodic study of engine oil can allow one to anticipate possible breakdowns that a vehicle could have. Due to the complexity of the matrix of this type of sample, a sample treatment prior to analysis is necessary. Analytical chemistry is constantly searching for simpler, more sensitive and environmentally friendly methods. The reversed phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction fulfills all the characteristics for the analysis in this type of sample by microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES). In this work, the extractant solvent used for the microextraction procedure is a diluted acid solution (i.e., 3 M HCl), which is a less-hazardous solvent, in comparison with other solvents used in microextraction procedures. Besides, it is perfectly compatible with MIP OES. The main experimental factors affecting the extraction of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Ni (i.e., amount of sample, extractant type, acid concentration, extractant volume, extractant time, and centrifugation time and speed) are optimized using a multivariate analysis consisting of two steps: a Plackett–Burman design followed by a circumscribed central composite design. Under optimum conditions (i.e., amount of sample: 5.9 g; extractant volume: 60 μL; extractant type: HCl; acid concentration: 3 M; extraction time: 3 min; centrifugation time: 3 min; centrifugation speed: 2000 rpm), the proposed analytical method is validated and employed to analyze different samples (i.e., used and unused engine oils). Two calibration methods have been evaluated since matrix effects have been observed in the used engine oil sample. These effects have been eliminated using standard addition calibration obtaining RSD and recovery values in the range of 4–12% and 94–106%, respectively, for samples spiked with 1 μg g−1 of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo and Ni. Finally, the greenness of this method has been assessed by the Eco-Scale metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry) is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1039/d3ja00319a Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 8 StartPage: 370 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Type: general – SubjectFull: Microwave plasmas Type: general – SubjectFull: Lubricating oils Type: general – SubjectFull: Analytical chemistry Type: general – SubjectFull: Diesel motors Type: general – SubjectFull: Ochratoxins Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Wear metal determination in lubricating oils by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sáez, Carmen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Stoitsov, Dimitar – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Aguirre, Miguel Ángel – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kmetov, Veselin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Coscollà, Clara – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Canals, Antonio IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 02 Text: Feb2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02679477 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 39 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry) Type: main |
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