Injury Risk for the Hand and Forearm Under Loading Representative of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma.
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| Title: | Injury Risk for the Hand and Forearm Under Loading Representative of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | de Lange, J. E.1 (AUTHOR), Burrows, L.1 (AUTHOR), Wadera, A.2 (AUTHOR), Quenneville, C. E.1,3 (AUTHOR) quennev@mcmaster.ca |
| Source: | Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Mar2024, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p707-718. 12p. |
| Subjects: | Blunt trauma, Hand injuries, Forearm, Forelimb, Wounds & injuries, Projectiles |
| Abstract: | Ballistic shields protect users from a variety of threats, including projectiles. Shield back-face deformation (BFD) is the result of the shield absorbing energy from a projectile and deforming towards the user. Back-face deformation can result in localized blunt loading to the upper extremity, where the shield is supported by the user and may cause injury through behind armour blunt trauma (BABT) mechanisms. Post-mortem human subject (PMHS) responses are critical to identify the injury risk in these high-rate scenarios and are used to quantify the injury tolerance. Two vulnerable locations along the upper extremity were investigated—the hand and forearm—using eight PMHS to identify the fracture threshold resulting from shield BABT loading conditions. Impacts delivered to the hand at 16.4 ± 0.8 m/s resulted in failure loads of 3818 ± 897 N, whilst the forearm impacts delivered at a similar velocity of 16.9 ± 1.9 m/s had lower failure loads at 3011 ± 656 N. The corresponding 10% risk of hand and forearm fractures (as measured on a modified WorldSID Anthropomorphic Test Device) were identified as 11.0 kN and 8.1 kN, respectively, which should be used when evaluating future designs of composite ballistic shields. This study is the first known investigation of the upper extremity to this high loading rate scenario and provides the foundation for future biomechanical research in the area of behind shield blunt trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 175359226 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Injury Risk for the Hand and Forearm Under Loading Representative of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Lange%2C+J%2E+E%2E%22">de Lange, J. E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burrows%2C+L%2E%22">Burrows, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wadera%2C+A%2E%22">Wadera, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quenneville%2C+C%2E+E%2E%22">Quenneville, C. E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> quennev@mcmaster.ca</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering%22">Annals of Biomedical Engineering</searchLink>. Mar2024, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p707-718. 12p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blunt+trauma%22">Blunt trauma</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hand+injuries%22">Hand injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forearm%22">Forearm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forelimb%22">Forelimb</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wounds+%26+injuries%22">Wounds & injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Projectiles%22">Projectiles</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Ballistic shields protect users from a variety of threats, including projectiles. Shield back-face deformation (BFD) is the result of the shield absorbing energy from a projectile and deforming towards the user. Back-face deformation can result in localized blunt loading to the upper extremity, where the shield is supported by the user and may cause injury through behind armour blunt trauma (BABT) mechanisms. Post-mortem human subject (PMHS) responses are critical to identify the injury risk in these high-rate scenarios and are used to quantify the injury tolerance. Two vulnerable locations along the upper extremity were investigated—the hand and forearm—using eight PMHS to identify the fracture threshold resulting from shield BABT loading conditions. Impacts delivered to the hand at 16.4 ± 0.8 m/s resulted in failure loads of 3818 ± 897 N, whilst the forearm impacts delivered at a similar velocity of 16.9 ± 1.9 m/s had lower failure loads at 3011 ± 656 N. The corresponding 10% risk of hand and forearm fractures (as measured on a modified WorldSID Anthropomorphic Test Device) were identified as 11.0 kN and 8.1 kN, respectively, which should be used when evaluating future designs of composite ballistic shields. This study is the first known investigation of the upper extremity to this high loading rate scenario and provides the foundation for future biomechanical research in the area of behind shield blunt trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10439-023-03418-4 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 707 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Blunt trauma Type: general – SubjectFull: Hand injuries Type: general – SubjectFull: Forearm Type: general – SubjectFull: Forelimb Type: general – SubjectFull: Wounds & injuries Type: general – SubjectFull: Projectiles Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Injury Risk for the Hand and Forearm Under Loading Representative of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: de Lange, J. E. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burrows, L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wadera, A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Quenneville, C. E. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00906964 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 52 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Annals of Biomedical Engineering Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
