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Graphite recovery from waste Li-ion battery black mass for direct re-use.

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Title: Graphite recovery from waste Li-ion battery black mass for direct re-use.
Authors: Chernyaev, Alexander1 (AUTHOR), Kobets, Anna2 (AUTHOR), Liivand, Kerli3 (AUTHOR), Tesfaye, Fiseha4,5 (AUTHOR), Hannula, Pyry-Mikko6 (AUTHOR), Kallio, Tanja2 (AUTHOR), Hupa, Leena4 (AUTHOR), Lundström, Mari1 (AUTHOR) mari.lundstrom@aalto.fi
Source: Minerals Engineering. Mar2024, Vol. 208, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Waste recycling, Lithium-ion batteries, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Electric vehicle batteries, Electric vehicles
Abstract: • Black mass was leached and residue pyrolyzed. • Organic impurities were removed in pyrolysis. • Inorganic impurities remained in residue. • Graphite-rich residue performed efficiently as anode in new cell. • Efficient way of graphite recovery from waste Li-ion is proposed. Graphite was recovered from two leached (H 2 SO 4 = 2 M, 60 °C, t = 3 h, Fe3+ = 2 g/L) Li-ion battery black mass concentrates with minimized energy consumption. One black mass originated from a mixture of mobile device and power tool batteries, and another from a single electric vehicle battery. The leach residues were pyrolyzed (800 °C, t = 1 h, Ar atmosphere) to remove the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder and other non-metallic fractions. The black mass, its leach residue, and pyrolyzed residue were characterized using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), ion chromatography (IC), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and N 2 adsorption/desorption. After hydrometallurgical recycling and pyrolysis, the main post-metallurgical black mass impurities were cobalt oxide, iron, acid-resistant boehmite (AlO(OH)), and silicon dioxide. The pyrolysis resulted in electrolyte and binder removal, affected the crystallinity of the remaining boehmite. The recovered graphite-rich residue with impurities identified was tested as an anode in half-cells vs. metal Li. The average specific capacities of recovered graphite-rich residues from both sources were 350 and 250 mAh/g at 0.1C and their capacity retention after 100 cycles was high (80 %) suggesting rather slow deterioration and hence the proposed recycling route being promising for the graphite reuse in new Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Minerals Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 175455084
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Graphite recovery from waste Li-ion battery black mass for direct re-use.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chernyaev%2C+Alexander%22">Chernyaev, Alexander</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kobets%2C+Anna%22">Kobets, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liivand%2C+Kerli%22">Liivand, Kerli</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tesfaye%2C+Fiseha%22">Tesfaye, Fiseha</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hannula%2C+Pyry-Mikko%22">Hannula, Pyry-Mikko</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kallio%2C+Tanja%22">Kallio, Tanja</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hupa%2C+Leena%22">Hupa, Leena</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lundström%2C+Mari%22">Lundström, Mari</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mari.lundstrom@aalto.fi</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Minerals+Engineering%22">Minerals Engineering</searchLink>. Mar2024, Vol. 208, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+recycling%22">Waste recycling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium-ion+batteries%22">Lithium-ion batteries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+dispersive+X-ray+spectroscopy%22">Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+vehicle+batteries%22">Electric vehicle batteries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+vehicles%22">Electric vehicles</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • Black mass was leached and residue pyrolyzed. • Organic impurities were removed in pyrolysis. • Inorganic impurities remained in residue. • Graphite-rich residue performed efficiently as anode in new cell. • Efficient way of graphite recovery from waste Li-ion is proposed. Graphite was recovered from two leached (H 2 SO 4 = 2 M, 60 °C, t = 3 h, Fe3+ = 2 g/L) Li-ion battery black mass concentrates with minimized energy consumption. One black mass originated from a mixture of mobile device and power tool batteries, and another from a single electric vehicle battery. The leach residues were pyrolyzed (800 °C, t = 1 h, Ar atmosphere) to remove the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder and other non-metallic fractions. The black mass, its leach residue, and pyrolyzed residue were characterized using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), ion chromatography (IC), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and N 2 adsorption/desorption. After hydrometallurgical recycling and pyrolysis, the main post-metallurgical black mass impurities were cobalt oxide, iron, acid-resistant boehmite (AlO(OH)), and silicon dioxide. The pyrolysis resulted in electrolyte and binder removal, affected the crystallinity of the remaining boehmite. The recovered graphite-rich residue with impurities identified was tested as an anode in half-cells vs. metal Li. The average specific capacities of recovered graphite-rich residues from both sources were 350 and 250 mAh/g at 0.1C and their capacity retention after 100 cycles was high (80 %) suggesting rather slow deterioration and hence the proposed recycling route being promising for the graphite reuse in new Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Minerals Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108587
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Waste recycling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lithium-ion batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric vehicle batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric vehicles
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Graphite recovery from waste Li-ion battery black mass for direct re-use.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Chernyaev, Alexander
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            NameFull: Kobets, Anna
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            NameFull: Liivand, Kerli
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            NameFull: Tesfaye, Fiseha
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            NameFull: Hannula, Pyry-Mikko
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            NameFull: Kallio, Tanja
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            NameFull: Hupa, Leena
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            NameFull: Lundström, Mari
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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              Value: 208
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            – TitleFull: Minerals Engineering
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