Hazard or Non-Hazard Flood: Post Analysis for Paddy Rice, Wetland, and Other Potential Non-Hazard Flood Extraction from the VIIRS Flood Products.

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Title: Hazard or Non-Hazard Flood: Post Analysis for Paddy Rice, Wetland, and Other Potential Non-Hazard Flood Extraction from the VIIRS Flood Products.
Authors: Sun, Donglian1 (AUTHOR) dsun@gmu.edu, Yang, Tianshu1 (AUTHOR), Li, Sanmei1 (AUTHOR), Goldberg, Mitchell2 (AUTHOR), Kalluri, Satya3 (AUTHOR), Helfrich, Sean3 (AUTHOR), Sjonberg, Bill3 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Lihang3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Qingyuan3 (AUTHOR), Straka, William4 (AUTHOR), Yang, Ruixin1 (AUTHOR), Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando1 (AUTHOR)
Source: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing. Mar2024, Vol. 209, p415-431. 17p.
Subjects: Flood warning systems, Floods, Wetlands, Paddy fields, Land use mapping, Rainfall, Emergency management, Land cover
Geographic Terms: Florida
Abstract: VIIRS flood products have been widely used by the National Weather Service (NWS) for river flood monitoring, and by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the International Charter Program for rescue and relief efforts. However, some water bodies, like irrigated or flooded paddy rice fields, and water in seasonal wetlands, are detected as floodwater instead of permanent, seasonal, controlled, or normal water in the VIIRS flood products. Because these kinds of floodwater don't cause any severe disasters, they should be delineated as non-hazard floods to differentiate from real hazardous floods, the latter of which generally pose a significant risk and damage to human life, property, and the environment. Hazardous floods are usually caused by intensive rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or ice jams, they appear accidentally and tend to be short-term events. Non-hazard floodwaters generally result from tides, wetlands, agricultural irrigation, and other human activities, and thus they appear regularly and often stand for a longer time. Therefore, non-hazard floodwaters are some kind of standing water and usually have much larger long-time flood frequency or probability than hazardous floods. Based on this feature, it's possible to combine long-time flood frequency calculated as the ratio of total flooding days over total clear days, including both flooding and no-flooding days, from VIIRS flood products with some additional information, such as agriculture statistics and land cover and land use map, to identify non-hazard floodwater in paddy rice fields and wetland. In this study, non-hazard floodwater bodies are classified into four types: paddy rice fields, wetlands, riparian and coastal tidal flooding, and other non-hazard floods, including possible fishing ponds. In this study, we selected several examples, such as the 2023 California flood event and some large paddy rice fields in China, to demonstrate how to identify water in paddy rice fields. The Florida flood event due to Hurricane Ian in 2022 is used to demonstrate how to separate wetlands from real hazardous floods. In addition to non-hazard floodwaters in wetlands, some coastal tidal flooding in Florida is also detected. The non-hazard floodwaters extracted from the proposed methods are compared with change detection analysis and good agreement is found. The paddy rice fields obtained from this study are compared and evaluated with the rice distribution data from the USDA. The quantitative evaluation results from the confusion matrix calculation demonstrate that the accuracy is 99.96%, recall is 83.69%, precision is 61.57%, and the F1-score is 70.95%. The high accuracy indicates that the method developed in this study for paddy rice field extraction from the VIIRS flood products is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Hazard or Non-Hazard Flood: Post Analysis for Paddy Rice, Wetland, and Other Potential Non-Hazard Flood Extraction from the VIIRS Flood Products.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Donglian%22">Sun, Donglian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dsun@gmu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Tianshu%22">Yang, Tianshu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Sanmei%22">Li, Sanmei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goldberg%2C+Mitchell%22">Goldberg, Mitchell</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kalluri%2C+Satya%22">Kalluri, Satya</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Helfrich%2C+Sean%22">Helfrich, Sean</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sjonberg%2C+Bill%22">Sjonberg, Bill</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Lihang%22">Zhou, Lihang</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Qingyuan%22">Zhang, Qingyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Straka%2C+William%22">Straka, William</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Ruixin%22">Yang, Ruixin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miralles-Wilhelm%2C+Fernando%22">Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22ISPRS+Journal+of+Photogrammetry+%26+Remote+Sensing%22">ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Mar2024, Vol. 209, p415-431. 17p.
– Name: Subject
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  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flood+warning+systems%22">Flood warning systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Floods%22">Floods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wetlands%22">Wetlands</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paddy+fields%22">Paddy fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Land+use+mapping%22">Land use mapping</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall%22">Rainfall</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emergency+management%22">Emergency management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Land+cover%22">Land cover</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Florida%22">Florida</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: VIIRS flood products have been widely used by the National Weather Service (NWS) for river flood monitoring, and by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the International Charter Program for rescue and relief efforts. However, some water bodies, like irrigated or flooded paddy rice fields, and water in seasonal wetlands, are detected as floodwater instead of permanent, seasonal, controlled, or normal water in the VIIRS flood products. Because these kinds of floodwater don't cause any severe disasters, they should be delineated as non-hazard floods to differentiate from real hazardous floods, the latter of which generally pose a significant risk and damage to human life, property, and the environment. Hazardous floods are usually caused by intensive rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or ice jams, they appear accidentally and tend to be short-term events. Non-hazard floodwaters generally result from tides, wetlands, agricultural irrigation, and other human activities, and thus they appear regularly and often stand for a longer time. Therefore, non-hazard floodwaters are some kind of standing water and usually have much larger long-time flood frequency or probability than hazardous floods. Based on this feature, it's possible to combine long-time flood frequency calculated as the ratio of total flooding days over total clear days, including both flooding and no-flooding days, from VIIRS flood products with some additional information, such as agriculture statistics and land cover and land use map, to identify non-hazard floodwater in paddy rice fields and wetland. In this study, non-hazard floodwater bodies are classified into four types: paddy rice fields, wetlands, riparian and coastal tidal flooding, and other non-hazard floods, including possible fishing ponds. In this study, we selected several examples, such as the 2023 California flood event and some large paddy rice fields in China, to demonstrate how to identify water in paddy rice fields. The Florida flood event due to Hurricane Ian in 2022 is used to demonstrate how to separate wetlands from real hazardous floods. In addition to non-hazard floodwaters in wetlands, some coastal tidal flooding in Florida is also detected. The non-hazard floodwaters extracted from the proposed methods are compared with change detection analysis and good agreement is found. The paddy rice fields obtained from this study are compared and evaluated with the rice distribution data from the USDA. The quantitative evaluation results from the confusion matrix calculation demonstrate that the accuracy is 99.96%, recall is 83.69%, precision is 61.57%, and the F1-score is 70.95%. The high accuracy indicates that the method developed in this study for paddy rice field extraction from the VIIRS flood products is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.02.013
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 415
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Flood warning systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Floods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wetlands
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Paddy fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Land use mapping
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rainfall
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emergency management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Land cover
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Florida
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Hazard or Non-Hazard Flood: Post Analysis for Paddy Rice, Wetland, and Other Potential Non-Hazard Flood Extraction from the VIIRS Flood Products.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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