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Effects of Front Total Toe-In Angle on Tire Wear and Emissions for a Light-Duty Vehicle.

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Title: Effects of Front Total Toe-In Angle on Tire Wear and Emissions for a Light-Duty Vehicle.
Authors: Das, Riton Kumer1 (AUTHOR), Hossain, Md. Abu Mowazzem1 (AUTHOR), Islam, Md. Tazul1 (AUTHOR), Banik, Sajal Chandra1 (AUTHOR), Hafez, Md. Golam2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Engineering (2314-4912). 3/18/2024, Vol. 2024, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Performance of tires, Alignment of automobile wheels, Rolling friction, Tires, Angles, Energy consumption
Abstract: An experimental investigation is carried out in this study to investigate the effect of wheel alignment, particularly the front total toe-in angle, on tire wear and emissions for a light-duty vehicle. Such investigations reveal that there is a substantial correlation among rolling resistance, energy consumption, tire wear, tire travel life, and the total toe-in angle of the front wheel. It is observed that the rate of loss in tire travel life with regard to a condition without misalignment is up to 98.33% when the front total toe-in angle is out of alignment (ranging from 0.00° to 4.20°). It is found that rolling resistance increases by about 128.86%, while CO2, CO, and NOx emissions rise by nearly 36.67%, 26.83%, and 31.25%, respectively, as the front total toe-in angle increases from 0.00° to 4.20°. The experimental results also reveal that tire circumferential groove wear is observed at 0.04 mm after the vehicle's travelling distance of 500 km, where the front total toe-in angle is 0.00°, and the tire travelling life is 92250 km. In addition, the tire circumferential groove wear is investigated as 2.40 mm after the vehicle's travelling distance and tire travel life are recorded to be 3,500 km and 1537.50 km, respectively, due to the occurrence of misalignment (the front total toe-in angle is 4.20°). Finally, a regression model is proposed using the test data. Such a model would be useful to explain the relationship between the related factors and determine the rate of tire wear and emissions. It is noteworthy that the wheels should always remain aligned in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications in order to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the tires [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Engineering (2314-4912) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effects of Front Total Toe-In Angle on Tire Wear and Emissions for a Light-Duty Vehicle.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Das%2C+Riton+Kumer%22">Das, Riton Kumer</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hossain%2C+Md%2E+Abu+Mowazzem%22">Hossain, Md. Abu Mowazzem</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Islam%2C+Md%2E+Tazul%22">Islam, Md. Tazul</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Banik%2C+Sajal+Chandra%22">Banik, Sajal Chandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hafez%2C+Md%2E+Golam%22">Hafez, Md. Golam</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Engineering+%282314-4912%29%22">Journal of Engineering (2314-4912)</searchLink>. 3/18/2024, Vol. 2024, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Performance+of+tires%22">Performance of tires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alignment+of+automobile+wheels%22">Alignment of automobile wheels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rolling+friction%22">Rolling friction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tires%22">Tires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Angles%22">Angles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: An experimental investigation is carried out in this study to investigate the effect of wheel alignment, particularly the front total toe-in angle, on tire wear and emissions for a light-duty vehicle. Such investigations reveal that there is a substantial correlation among rolling resistance, energy consumption, tire wear, tire travel life, and the total toe-in angle of the front wheel. It is observed that the rate of loss in tire travel life with regard to a condition without misalignment is up to 98.33% when the front total toe-in angle is out of alignment (ranging from 0.00° to 4.20°). It is found that rolling resistance increases by about 128.86%, while CO2, CO, and NOx emissions rise by nearly 36.67%, 26.83%, and 31.25%, respectively, as the front total toe-in angle increases from 0.00° to 4.20°. The experimental results also reveal that tire circumferential groove wear is observed at 0.04 mm after the vehicle's travelling distance of 500 km, where the front total toe-in angle is 0.00°, and the tire travelling life is 92250 km. In addition, the tire circumferential groove wear is investigated as 2.40 mm after the vehicle's travelling distance and tire travel life are recorded to be 3,500 km and 1537.50 km, respectively, due to the occurrence of misalignment (the front total toe-in angle is 4.20°). Finally, a regression model is proposed using the test data. Such a model would be useful to explain the relationship between the related factors and determine the rate of tire wear and emissions. It is noteworthy that the wheels should always remain aligned in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications in order to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the tires [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Engineering (2314-4912) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/2024/5723254
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Performance of tires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alignment of automobile wheels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rolling friction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Angles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of Front Total Toe-In Angle on Tire Wear and Emissions for a Light-Duty Vehicle.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Das, Riton Kumer
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          Name:
            NameFull: Hossain, Md. Abu Mowazzem
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            NameFull: Islam, Md. Tazul
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            NameFull: Banik, Sajal Chandra
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            NameFull: Hafez, Md. Golam
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            – D: 18
              M: 03
              Text: 3/18/2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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              Value: 2024
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