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A finely segmented semi‐monolithic detector tailored for high‐resolution PET.

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Title: A finely segmented semi‐monolithic detector tailored for high‐resolution PET.
Authors: Kuhl, Yannick1 (AUTHOR) yannick.kuhl@pmi.rwth-aachen.de, Mueller, Florian1 (AUTHOR), Naunheim, Stephan1 (AUTHOR), Bovelett, Matthias1 (AUTHOR), Lambertus, Janko1 (AUTHOR), Schug, David1,2 (AUTHOR), Weissler, Bjoern1,2 (AUTHOR), Gegenmantel, Eike2 (AUTHOR), Gebhardt, Pierre1 (AUTHOR), Schulz, Volkmar1,2,3 (AUTHOR) volkmar.schulz@pmi.rwth-aachen.de
Source: Medical Physics. May2024, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p3421-3436. 16p.
Subjects: Scintillators, Positron emission tomography, Detectors, Image converters, Spatial resolution
Abstract: Background: Preclinical research and organ‐dedicated applications use and require high (spatial‐)resolution positron emission tomography (PET) detectors to visualize small structures (early) and understand biological processes at a finer level of detail. Researchers seeking to improve detector and image spatial resolution have explored various detector designs. Current commercial high‐resolution systems often employ finely pixelated or monolithic scintillators, each with its limitations. Purpose: We present a semi‐monolithic detector, tailored for high‐resolution PET applications with a spatial resolution in the range of 1 mm or better, merging concepts of monolithic and pixelated crystals. The detector features LYSO slabs measuring (24 × 10 × 1) mm3, coupled to a 12 × 12 readout channel photosensor with 4 mm pitch. The slabs are grouped in two arrays of 44 slabs each to achieve a higher optical photon density despite the fine segmentation. Methods: We employ a fan beam collimator for fast calibration to train machine‐learning‐based positioning models for all three dimensions, including slab identification and depth‐of‐interaction (DOI), utilizing gradient tree boosting (GTB). The data for all dimensions was acquired in less than 2 h. Energy calculation was based on a position‐dependent energy calibration. Using an analytical timing calibration, time skews were corrected for coincidence timing resolution (CTR) estimation. Results: Leveraging machine‐learning‐based calibration in all three dimensions, we achieved high detector spatial resolution: down to 1.18 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) detector spatial resolution and 0.75 mm mean absolute error (MAE) in the planar‐monolithic direction, and 2.14 mm FWHM and 1.03 mm MAE for DOI at an energy window of (435–585) keV. Correct slab interaction identification in planar‐segmented direction exceeded 80%, alongside an energy resolution of 12.7% and a CTR of 450 ps FWHM. Conclusions: The introduced finely segmented, high‐resolution slab detector demonstrates appealing performance characteristics suitable for high‐resolution PET applications. The current benchtop‐based detector calibration routine allows these detectors to be used in PET systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Group: Ti
  Data: A finely segmented semi‐monolithic detector tailored for high‐resolution PET.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuhl%2C+Yannick%22">Kuhl, Yannick</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yannick.kuhl@pmi.rwth-aachen.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mueller%2C+Florian%22">Mueller, Florian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Naunheim%2C+Stephan%22">Naunheim, Stephan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bovelett%2C+Matthias%22">Bovelett, Matthias</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lambertus%2C+Janko%22">Lambertus, Janko</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schug%2C+David%22">Schug, David</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weissler%2C+Bjoern%22">Weissler, Bjoern</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gegenmantel%2C+Eike%22">Gegenmantel, Eike</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gebhardt%2C+Pierre%22">Gebhardt, Pierre</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schulz%2C+Volkmar%22">Schulz, Volkmar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> volkmar.schulz@pmi.rwth-aachen.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Physics%22">Medical Physics</searchLink>. May2024, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p3421-3436. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scintillators%22">Scintillators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Positron+emission+tomography%22">Positron emission tomography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detectors%22">Detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+converters%22">Image converters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+resolution%22">Spatial resolution</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Preclinical research and organ‐dedicated applications use and require high (spatial‐)resolution positron emission tomography (PET) detectors to visualize small structures (early) and understand biological processes at a finer level of detail. Researchers seeking to improve detector and image spatial resolution have explored various detector designs. Current commercial high‐resolution systems often employ finely pixelated or monolithic scintillators, each with its limitations. Purpose: We present a semi‐monolithic detector, tailored for high‐resolution PET applications with a spatial resolution in the range of 1 mm or better, merging concepts of monolithic and pixelated crystals. The detector features LYSO slabs measuring (24 × 10 × 1) mm3, coupled to a 12 × 12 readout channel photosensor with 4 mm pitch. The slabs are grouped in two arrays of 44 slabs each to achieve a higher optical photon density despite the fine segmentation. Methods: We employ a fan beam collimator for fast calibration to train machine‐learning‐based positioning models for all three dimensions, including slab identification and depth‐of‐interaction (DOI), utilizing gradient tree boosting (GTB). The data for all dimensions was acquired in less than 2 h. Energy calculation was based on a position‐dependent energy calibration. Using an analytical timing calibration, time skews were corrected for coincidence timing resolution (CTR) estimation. Results: Leveraging machine‐learning‐based calibration in all three dimensions, we achieved high detector spatial resolution: down to 1.18 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) detector spatial resolution and 0.75 mm mean absolute error (MAE) in the planar‐monolithic direction, and 2.14 mm FWHM and 1.03 mm MAE for DOI at an energy window of (435–585) keV. Correct slab interaction identification in planar‐segmented direction exceeded 80%, alongside an energy resolution of 12.7% and a CTR of 450 ps FWHM. Conclusions: The introduced finely segmented, high‐resolution slab detector demonstrates appealing performance characteristics suitable for high‐resolution PET applications. The current benchtop‐based detector calibration routine allows these detectors to be used in PET systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mp.16928
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 3421
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Scintillators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Positron emission tomography
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      – SubjectFull: Detectors
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      – SubjectFull: Image converters
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      – SubjectFull: Spatial resolution
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      – TitleFull: A finely segmented semi‐monolithic detector tailored for high‐resolution PET.
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              Text: May2024
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