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Modeling and correction of image drift in dynamic shadowgraphy experiments.

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Title: Modeling and correction of image drift in dynamic shadowgraphy experiments.
Authors: Castellini, Stefano1 (AUTHOR), Brizioli, Matteo2 (AUTHOR), Giraudet, Cédric3 (AUTHOR), Carpineti, Marina1 (AUTHOR), Croccolo, Fabrizio3 (AUTHOR), Giavazzi, Fabio2 (AUTHOR) fabio.giavazzi@unimi.it, Vailati, Alberto1 (AUTHOR)
Source: European Physical Journal E -- Soft Matter. Apr2024, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Deflection (Light), Liquid mixtures, Transport theory, Refractive index, Investigation reports, Thermal stresses
Abstract: The study of phoretic transport phenomena under non-stationary conditions presents several challenges, mostly related to the stability of the experimental apparatus. This is particularly true when investigating with optical means the subtle temperature and concentration fluctuations that arise during diffusion processes, superimposed to the macroscopic state of the system. Under these conditions, the tenuous signal from fluctuations is easily altered by the presence of artifacts. Here, we address an experimental issue frequently reported in the investigation by means of dynamic shadowgraphy of the non-equilibrium fluctuations arising in liquid mixtures under non-stationary conditions, such as those arising after the imposition or removal of a thermal stress, where experiments show systematically the presence of a spurious contribution in the reconstructed structure function of the fluctuations, which depends quadratically from the time delay. We clarify the mechanisms responsible for this artifact, showing that it is caused by the imperfect alignment of the sample cell with respect to gravity, which couples the temporal evolution of the concentration profile within the sample with the optical signal collected by the shadowgraph diagnostics. We propose a data analysis protocol that enables disentangling the spurious contributions and the genuine dynamics of the fluctuations, which can be thus reliably reconstructed. The imposition of a thermal gradient across a liquid mixture results in a time-dependent refractive index distribution. In the presence of a misalignment of the confining cell with respect to gravity, this leads to a deflection of the optical probe beam used to monitor concentration fluctuations within the sample in quantitative shadowgraphy experiments. If not properly accounted for, this effect can introduce a significant bias in the optical signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal E -- Soft Matter is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Modeling and correction of image drift in dynamic shadowgraphy experiments.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castellini%2C+Stefano%22">Castellini, Stefano</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brizioli%2C+Matteo%22">Brizioli, Matteo</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giraudet%2C+Cédric%22">Giraudet, Cédric</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carpineti%2C+Marina%22">Carpineti, Marina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Croccolo%2C+Fabrizio%22">Croccolo, Fabrizio</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giavazzi%2C+Fabio%22">Giavazzi, Fabio</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fabio.giavazzi@unimi.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vailati%2C+Alberto%22">Vailati, Alberto</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+E+--+Soft+Matter%22">European Physical Journal E -- Soft Matter</searchLink>. Apr2024, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deflection+%28Light%29%22">Deflection (Light)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquid+mixtures%22">Liquid mixtures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transport+theory%22">Transport theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refractive+index%22">Refractive index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Investigation+reports%22">Investigation reports</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stresses%22">Thermal stresses</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: The study of phoretic transport phenomena under non-stationary conditions presents several challenges, mostly related to the stability of the experimental apparatus. This is particularly true when investigating with optical means the subtle temperature and concentration fluctuations that arise during diffusion processes, superimposed to the macroscopic state of the system. Under these conditions, the tenuous signal from fluctuations is easily altered by the presence of artifacts. Here, we address an experimental issue frequently reported in the investigation by means of dynamic shadowgraphy of the non-equilibrium fluctuations arising in liquid mixtures under non-stationary conditions, such as those arising after the imposition or removal of a thermal stress, where experiments show systematically the presence of a spurious contribution in the reconstructed structure function of the fluctuations, which depends quadratically from the time delay. We clarify the mechanisms responsible for this artifact, showing that it is caused by the imperfect alignment of the sample cell with respect to gravity, which couples the temporal evolution of the concentration profile within the sample with the optical signal collected by the shadowgraph diagnostics. We propose a data analysis protocol that enables disentangling the spurious contributions and the genuine dynamics of the fluctuations, which can be thus reliably reconstructed. The imposition of a thermal gradient across a liquid mixture results in a time-dependent refractive index distribution. In the presence of a misalignment of the confining cell with respect to gravity, this leads to a deflection of the optical probe beam used to monitor concentration fluctuations within the sample in quantitative shadowgraphy experiments. If not properly accounted for, this effect can introduce a significant bias in the optical signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal E -- Soft Matter is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00413-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Deflection (Light)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Liquid mixtures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transport theory
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      – SubjectFull: Refractive index
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      – SubjectFull: Investigation reports
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal stresses
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      – TitleFull: Modeling and correction of image drift in dynamic shadowgraphy experiments.
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            NameFull: Castellini, Stefano
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            NameFull: Brizioli, Matteo
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            NameFull: Giraudet, Cédric
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              M: 04
              Text: Apr2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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