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Low-Sidelobe Imaging Method Utilizing Improved Spatially Variant Apodization for Forward-Looking Sonar.

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Title: Low-Sidelobe Imaging Method Utilizing Improved Spatially Variant Apodization for Forward-Looking Sonar.
Authors: Yan, Lu1 (AUTHOR) yangjuan@mail.ioa.ac.cn, Yang, Juan1 (AUTHOR) xf@mail.ioa.ac.cn, Xu, Feng1 (AUTHOR), Piao, Shengchun2 (AUTHOR) piaoshengchun@hrbeu.edu.cn
Source: Remote Sensing. Jun2024, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p2100. 25p.
Subjects: Apodization, Sonar imaging, Sonar, Matched filters, Cosine function, Phase coding
Abstract: For two-dimensional forward-looking sonar imaging, high sidelobes significantly degrade the quality of sonar images. The cosine window function weighting method is often applied to suppress the sidelobe levels in the angular and range dimensions, at the expense of the main lobe resolutions. Therefore, an improved spatially variant apodization imaging method for forward-looking sonar is proposed, to reduce sidelobes without degrading the main lobe resolution in angular-range dimensions. The proposed method is a nonlinear postprocessing operation in which the raw complex-valued sonar image produced by a conventional beamformer and matched filter is weighted by a spatially variant coefficient. To enhance the robustness of the spatially variant apodization approach, the array magnitude and phase errors are calibrated to prevent the occurrence of beam sidelobe increase prior to beamforming operations. The analyzed results of numerical simulations and a lake experiment demonstrate that the proposed method can greatly reduce the sidelobes to approximately −40 dB, while the main lobe width remains unchanged. Moreover, this method has an extremely simple computational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Low-Sidelobe Imaging Method Utilizing Improved Spatially Variant Apodization for Forward-Looking Sonar.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Lu%22">Yan, Lu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yangjuan@mail.ioa.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Juan%22">Yang, Juan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xf@mail.ioa.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Feng%22">Xu, Feng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Piao%2C+Shengchun%22">Piao, Shengchun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> piaoshengchun@hrbeu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Jun2024, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p2100. 25p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Apodization%22">Apodization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sonar+imaging%22">Sonar imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sonar%22">Sonar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Matched+filters%22">Matched filters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cosine+function%22">Cosine function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+coding%22">Phase coding</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: For two-dimensional forward-looking sonar imaging, high sidelobes significantly degrade the quality of sonar images. The cosine window function weighting method is often applied to suppress the sidelobe levels in the angular and range dimensions, at the expense of the main lobe resolutions. Therefore, an improved spatially variant apodization imaging method for forward-looking sonar is proposed, to reduce sidelobes without degrading the main lobe resolution in angular-range dimensions. The proposed method is a nonlinear postprocessing operation in which the raw complex-valued sonar image produced by a conventional beamformer and matched filter is weighted by a spatially variant coefficient. To enhance the robustness of the spatially variant apodization approach, the array magnitude and phase errors are calibrated to prevent the occurrence of beam sidelobe increase prior to beamforming operations. The analyzed results of numerical simulations and a lake experiment demonstrate that the proposed method can greatly reduce the sidelobes to approximately −40 dB, while the main lobe width remains unchanged. Moreover, this method has an extremely simple computational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs16122100
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 25
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sonar imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sonar
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      – SubjectFull: Matched filters
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      – SubjectFull: Cosine function
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      – SubjectFull: Phase coding
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      – TitleFull: Low-Sidelobe Imaging Method Utilizing Improved Spatially Variant Apodization for Forward-Looking Sonar.
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            NameFull: Xu, Feng
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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