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Experimental validation of a PNS‐optimized whole‐body gradient coil.

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Title: Experimental validation of a PNS‐optimized whole‐body gradient coil.
Authors: Davids, Mathias1,2 (AUTHOR) mathias.davids@mgh.harvard.edu, Vendramini, Livia1 (AUTHOR), Klein, Valerie1,2 (AUTHOR), Ferris, Natalie3,4 (AUTHOR), Guerin, Bastien1,2 (AUTHOR), Wald, Lawrence L.1,2,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Oct2024, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p1788-1803. 16p.
Subjects: Standard deviations, Neural stimulation, Computational electromagnetics, Peripheral nervous system
Abstract: Purpose: Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) limits the usability of state‐of‐the‐art whole‐body and head‐only MRI gradient coils. We used detailed electromagnetic and neurodynamic modeling to set an explicit PNS constraint during the design of a whole‐body gradient coil and constructed it to compare the predicted and experimentally measured PNS thresholds to those of a matched design without PNS constraints. Methods: We designed, constructed, and tested two actively shielded whole‐body Y‐axis gradient coil winding patterns: YG1 is a conventional symmetric design without PNS‐optimization, whereas YG2's design used an additional constraint on the allowable PNS threshold in the head‐imaging landmark, yielding an asymmetric winding pattern. We measured PNS thresholds in 18 healthy subjects at five landmark positions (head, cardiac, abdominal, pelvic, and knee). Results: The PNS‐optimized design YG2 achieved 46% higher average experimental thresholds for a head‐imaging landmark than YG1 while incurring a 15% inductance penalty. For cardiac, pelvic, and knee imaging landmarks, the PNS thresholds increased between +22% and +35%. For abdominal imaging, PNS thresholds did not change significantly between YG1 and YG2 (−3.6%). The agreement between predicted and experimental PNS thresholds was within 11.4% normalized root mean square error for both coils and all landmarks. The PNS model also produced plausible predictions of the stimulation sites when compared to the sites of perception reported by the subjects. Conclusion: The PNS‐optimization improved the PNS thresholds for the target scan landmark as well as most other studied landmarks, potentially yielding a significant improvement in image encoding performance that can be safely used in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Experimental validation of a PNS‐optimized whole‐body gradient coil.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Davids%2C+Mathias%22">Davids, Mathias</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mathias.davids@mgh.harvard.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vendramini%2C+Livia%22">Vendramini, Livia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klein%2C+Valerie%22">Klein, Valerie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferris%2C+Natalie%22">Ferris, Natalie</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guerin%2C+Bastien%22">Guerin, Bastien</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wald%2C+Lawrence+L%2E%22">Wald, Lawrence L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Oct2024, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p1788-1803. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standard+deviations%22">Standard deviations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neural+stimulation%22">Neural stimulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+electromagnetics%22">Computational electromagnetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peripheral+nervous+system%22">Peripheral nervous system</searchLink>
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  Data: Purpose: Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) limits the usability of state‐of‐the‐art whole‐body and head‐only MRI gradient coils. We used detailed electromagnetic and neurodynamic modeling to set an explicit PNS constraint during the design of a whole‐body gradient coil and constructed it to compare the predicted and experimentally measured PNS thresholds to those of a matched design without PNS constraints. Methods: We designed, constructed, and tested two actively shielded whole‐body Y‐axis gradient coil winding patterns: YG1 is a conventional symmetric design without PNS‐optimization, whereas YG2's design used an additional constraint on the allowable PNS threshold in the head‐imaging landmark, yielding an asymmetric winding pattern. We measured PNS thresholds in 18 healthy subjects at five landmark positions (head, cardiac, abdominal, pelvic, and knee). Results: The PNS‐optimized design YG2 achieved 46% higher average experimental thresholds for a head‐imaging landmark than YG1 while incurring a 15% inductance penalty. For cardiac, pelvic, and knee imaging landmarks, the PNS thresholds increased between +22% and +35%. For abdominal imaging, PNS thresholds did not change significantly between YG1 and YG2 (−3.6%). The agreement between predicted and experimental PNS thresholds was within 11.4% normalized root mean square error for both coils and all landmarks. The PNS model also produced plausible predictions of the stimulation sites when compared to the sites of perception reported by the subjects. Conclusion: The PNS‐optimization improved the PNS thresholds for the target scan landmark as well as most other studied landmarks, potentially yielding a significant improvement in image encoding performance that can be safely used in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – TitleFull: Experimental validation of a PNS‐optimized whole‐body gradient coil.
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              Text: Oct2024
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