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A reusable 3D printed brain‐like phantom for benchmarking electrical properties tomography reconstructions.

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Title: A reusable 3D printed brain‐like phantom for benchmarking electrical properties tomography reconstructions.
Authors: Meerbothe, T. G.1,2 (AUTHOR) t.g.meerbothe@umcutrecht.nl, Florczak, S.3 (AUTHOR), van den Berg, C. A. T.1,2 (AUTHOR), Levato, R.3,4 (AUTHOR), Mandija, S.1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Nov2024, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p2271-2279. 9p.
Subjects: Electric conductivity, Three-dimensional printing, Dielectric properties, Saline solutions, Reference values
Abstract: Purpose: In MR electrical properties tomography (MR‐EPT), electrical properties (EPs, conductivity and permittivity) are reconstructed from MR measurements. Phantom measurements are important to characterize the performance of MR‐EPT reconstruction methods, since they allow knowledge of reference EPs values. To assess reconstruction methods in a more realistic scenario, it is important to test the methods using phantoms with realistic shapes, internal structures, and dielectric properties. In this work, we present a 3D printing procedure for the creation of realistic brain‐like phantoms to benchmark MR‐EPT reconstructions. Methods: We created two brain‐like geometries with three different compartments using 3D printing. The first geometry was filled once, while the second geometry was filled three times with different saline‐gelatin solutions, resulting in a total of four phantoms with different EPs. The saline solutions were characterized using a probe. 3D MR‐EPT reconstructions were performed from MR measurements at 3T. The reconstructed conductivity values were compared to reference values of the saline‐gelatin solutions. The measured fields were also compared to simulated fields using the same phantom geometry and electrical properties. Results: The measured fields were consistent with simulated fields. Reconstructed conductivity values were consistent with the reference (probe) conductivity values. This indicated the suitability of such phantoms for benchmarking MR‐EPT reconstructions. Conclusion: We presented a new workflow to 3D print realistic brain‐like phantoms in an easy and affordable way. These phantoms are suitable to benchmark MR‐EPT reconstructions, but can also be used for benchmarking other quantitative MR methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A reusable 3D printed brain‐like phantom for benchmarking electrical properties tomography reconstructions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Nov2024, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p2271-2279. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+conductivity%22">Electric conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+printing%22">Three-dimensional printing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dielectric+properties%22">Dielectric properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saline+solutions%22">Saline solutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reference+values%22">Reference values</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: In MR electrical properties tomography (MR‐EPT), electrical properties (EPs, conductivity and permittivity) are reconstructed from MR measurements. Phantom measurements are important to characterize the performance of MR‐EPT reconstruction methods, since they allow knowledge of reference EPs values. To assess reconstruction methods in a more realistic scenario, it is important to test the methods using phantoms with realistic shapes, internal structures, and dielectric properties. In this work, we present a 3D printing procedure for the creation of realistic brain‐like phantoms to benchmark MR‐EPT reconstructions. Methods: We created two brain‐like geometries with three different compartments using 3D printing. The first geometry was filled once, while the second geometry was filled three times with different saline‐gelatin solutions, resulting in a total of four phantoms with different EPs. The saline solutions were characterized using a probe. 3D MR‐EPT reconstructions were performed from MR measurements at 3T. The reconstructed conductivity values were compared to reference values of the saline‐gelatin solutions. The measured fields were also compared to simulated fields using the same phantom geometry and electrical properties. Results: The measured fields were consistent with simulated fields. Reconstructed conductivity values were consistent with the reference (probe) conductivity values. This indicated the suitability of such phantoms for benchmarking MR‐EPT reconstructions. Conclusion: We presented a new workflow to 3D print realistic brain‐like phantoms in an easy and affordable way. These phantoms are suitable to benchmark MR‐EPT reconstructions, but can also be used for benchmarking other quantitative MR methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.30189
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Dielectric properties
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      – SubjectFull: Saline solutions
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      – SubjectFull: Reference values
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      – TitleFull: A reusable 3D printed brain‐like phantom for benchmarking electrical properties tomography reconstructions.
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              M: 11
              Text: Nov2024
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              Y: 2024
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