In vivo video microscopy of the rupturing process of thin blood vessels to clarify the mechanism of bruising caused by blunt impact: an animal study.
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| Title: | In vivo video microscopy of the rupturing process of thin blood vessels to clarify the mechanism of bruising caused by blunt impact: an animal study. |
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| Authors: | Fujikawa, Tatsuo1 (AUTHOR) fujikawa.tatsuo@nihon-u.ac.jp, Yamada, Yoji2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 9/11/2024, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-13. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Soft tissue injuries, Video microscopy, Blood vessels, Compressive force, Lateral loads |
| Abstract: | Background: The thresholds of mechanical inputs for bruising caused by blunt impact are important in the fields of machine safety and forensics. However, reliable data on these thresholds remain inadequate owing to a lack of in vivo experiments, which are crucial for investigating the occurrence of bruising. Since experiments involving live human participants are limited owing to ethical concerns, finite-element method (FEM) simulations of the bruising mechanism should be used to compensate for the lack of experimental data by estimating the thresholds under various conditions, which requires clarifying the mechanism of formation of actual bruises. Therefore, this study aimed to visualize the mechanism underlying the formation of bruises caused by blunt impact to enable FEM simulations to estimate the thresholds of mechanical inputs for bruising. Methods: In vivo microscopy of a transparent glass catfish subjected to blunt contact with an indenter was performed. The fish were anesthetized by immersing them in buffered MS-222 (75–100 mg/L) and then fixed on a subject tray. The indenter, made of transparent acrylic and having a rectangular contact area with dimensions of 1.0 mm × 1.5 mm, was loaded onto the lateral side of the caudal region of the fish. Blood vessels and surrounding tissues were examined through the transparent indenter using a microscope equipped with a video camera. The contact force was measured using a force-sensing table. Results: One of the processes of rupturing thin blood vessels, which are an essential component of the bruising mechanism, was observed and recorded as a movie. The soft tissue surrounding the thin blood vessel extended in a plane perpendicular to the compressive contact force. Subsequently, the thin blood vessel was pulled into a straight configuration. Next, it was stretched in the axial direction and finally ruptured. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that the extension of the surrounding tissue in the direction perpendicular to the contact force as well as the extension of the thin blood vessels are important factors in the bruising mechanism, which must be reproduced by FEM simulation to estimate the thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of BioMedical Engineering OnLine is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 179573117 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: In vivo video microscopy of the rupturing process of thin blood vessels to clarify the mechanism of bruising caused by blunt impact: an animal study. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fujikawa%2C+Tatsuo%22">Fujikawa, Tatsuo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fujikawa.tatsuo@nihon-u.ac.jp</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yamada%2C+Yoji%22">Yamada, Yoji</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine%22">BioMedical Engineering OnLine</searchLink>. 9/11/2024, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-13. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soft+tissue+injuries%22">Soft tissue injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Video+microscopy%22">Video microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+vessels%22">Blood vessels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressive+force%22">Compressive force</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lateral+loads%22">Lateral loads</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background: The thresholds of mechanical inputs for bruising caused by blunt impact are important in the fields of machine safety and forensics. However, reliable data on these thresholds remain inadequate owing to a lack of in vivo experiments, which are crucial for investigating the occurrence of bruising. Since experiments involving live human participants are limited owing to ethical concerns, finite-element method (FEM) simulations of the bruising mechanism should be used to compensate for the lack of experimental data by estimating the thresholds under various conditions, which requires clarifying the mechanism of formation of actual bruises. Therefore, this study aimed to visualize the mechanism underlying the formation of bruises caused by blunt impact to enable FEM simulations to estimate the thresholds of mechanical inputs for bruising. Methods: In vivo microscopy of a transparent glass catfish subjected to blunt contact with an indenter was performed. The fish were anesthetized by immersing them in buffered MS-222 (75–100 mg/L) and then fixed on a subject tray. The indenter, made of transparent acrylic and having a rectangular contact area with dimensions of 1.0 mm × 1.5 mm, was loaded onto the lateral side of the caudal region of the fish. Blood vessels and surrounding tissues were examined through the transparent indenter using a microscope equipped with a video camera. The contact force was measured using a force-sensing table. Results: One of the processes of rupturing thin blood vessels, which are an essential component of the bruising mechanism, was observed and recorded as a movie. The soft tissue surrounding the thin blood vessel extended in a plane perpendicular to the compressive contact force. Subsequently, the thin blood vessel was pulled into a straight configuration. Next, it was stretched in the axial direction and finally ruptured. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that the extension of the surrounding tissue in the direction perpendicular to the contact force as well as the extension of the thin blood vessels are important factors in the bruising mechanism, which must be reproduced by FEM simulation to estimate the thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of BioMedical Engineering OnLine is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1186/s12938-024-01284-2 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Soft tissue injuries Type: general – SubjectFull: Video microscopy Type: general – SubjectFull: Blood vessels Type: general – SubjectFull: Compressive force Type: general – SubjectFull: Lateral loads Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: In vivo video microscopy of the rupturing process of thin blood vessels to clarify the mechanism of bruising caused by blunt impact: an animal study. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fujikawa, Tatsuo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yamada, Yoji IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 11 M: 09 Text: 9/11/2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 1475925X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 23 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: BioMedical Engineering OnLine Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
