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Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites.

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Title: Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites.
Authors: Gao, Xiao1 (AUTHOR) gaoxiao@xauat.edu.cn, Ma, Zongfang1 (AUTHOR) linashu@xauat.edu.cn, Shu, Lina1 (AUTHOR), Pan, Lin2 (AUTHOR) linpan@csu.edu.cn, Zhang, Hailong3 (AUTHOR) zhanghailong@nwepdi.com, Yang, Shuai3 (AUTHOR) yangshuai@nwepdi.com
Source: Remote Sensing. Sep2024, Vol. 16 Issue 17, p3118. 25p.
Subjects: Earth's orbit, Geosynchronous orbits, Global Positioning System, Magnetic storms, Orbits (Astronomy)
Abstract: The geostationary earth orbit (GEO) represents a distinctive geosynchronous orbit situated in the Earth's equatorial plane, providing an excellent platform for long-term monitoring of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) at a quasi-invariant ionospheric pierce point (IPP). With GEO satellites having limited dual-frequency coverage, the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) emerges as a valuable resource for ionospheric modeling across a broad range of latitudes. This article evaluates satellite differential code biases (DCB) of BDS high-orbit satellites (GEO and IGSO) and assesses regional ionospheric modeling utilizing data from international GNSS services through a refined polynomial method. Results from a 48-day observation period show a stability of approximately 2.0 ns in BDS satellite DCBs across various frequency signals, correlating with the available GNSS stations and satellites. A comparative analysis between GEO and IGSO satellites in BDS2 and BDS3 reveals no significant systematic bias in satellite DCB estimations. Furthermore, high-orbit BDS satellites exhibit considerable potential for promptly detecting high-resolution fluctuations in vertical TECs compared to conventional geomagnetic activity indicators like Kp or Dst. This research also offers valuable insights into ionospheric responses over mid-latitude regions during the March 2024 geomagnetic storm, utilizing TEC estimates derived from BDS GEO and IGSO satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Xiao%22">Gao, Xiao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gaoxiao@xauat.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Zongfang%22">Ma, Zongfang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> linashu@xauat.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shu%2C+Lina%22">Shu, Lina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Lin%22">Pan, Lin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> linpan@csu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Hailong%22">Zhang, Hailong</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhanghailong@nwepdi.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Shuai%22">Yang, Shuai</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yangshuai@nwepdi.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Sep2024, Vol. 16 Issue 17, p3118. 25p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth's+orbit%22">Earth's orbit</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geosynchronous+orbits%22">Geosynchronous orbits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Positioning+System%22">Global Positioning System</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+storms%22">Magnetic storms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Orbits+%28Astronomy%29%22">Orbits (Astronomy)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The geostationary earth orbit (GEO) represents a distinctive geosynchronous orbit situated in the Earth's equatorial plane, providing an excellent platform for long-term monitoring of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) at a quasi-invariant ionospheric pierce point (IPP). With GEO satellites having limited dual-frequency coverage, the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) emerges as a valuable resource for ionospheric modeling across a broad range of latitudes. This article evaluates satellite differential code biases (DCB) of BDS high-orbit satellites (GEO and IGSO) and assesses regional ionospheric modeling utilizing data from international GNSS services through a refined polynomial method. Results from a 48-day observation period show a stability of approximately 2.0 ns in BDS satellite DCBs across various frequency signals, correlating with the available GNSS stations and satellites. A comparative analysis between GEO and IGSO satellites in BDS2 and BDS3 reveals no significant systematic bias in satellite DCB estimations. Furthermore, high-orbit BDS satellites exhibit considerable potential for promptly detecting high-resolution fluctuations in vertical TECs compared to conventional geomagnetic activity indicators like Kp or Dst. This research also offers valuable insights into ionospheric responses over mid-latitude regions during the March 2024 geomagnetic storm, utilizing TEC estimates derived from BDS GEO and IGSO satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs16173118
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 3118
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Earth's orbit
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geosynchronous orbits
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Global Positioning System
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic storms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Orbits (Astronomy)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites.
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            NameFull: Gao, Xiao
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            NameFull: Ma, Zongfang
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            NameFull: Shu, Lina
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            NameFull: Pan, Lin
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            NameFull: Zhang, Hailong
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            NameFull: Yang, Shuai
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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