How Shell Add-On Products Influence Varsity Football Helmet Performance?
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| Title: | How Shell Add-On Products Influence Varsity Football Helmet Performance? |
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| Authors: | Stark, Nicole E.-P.1 (AUTHOR), Begonia, Mark T.2 (AUTHOR) mbegonia@vt.edu, Jung, Caitlyn1 (AUTHOR), Rowson, Steven1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Nov2024, Vol. 52 Issue 11, p2923-2931. 9p. |
| Subjects: | Football helmets, Linear acceleration, Impact testing, Head injuries, Brain concussion, Helmets |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The study purpose was to investigate the laboratory-based performance of three commercially available shell add-on products under varsity-level impact conditions. Methods: Pendulum impact tests were conducted at multiple locations (front, front boss, rear, side) and speeds (3.1, 4.9, 6.4 m/s) using two helmet models. Tests were performed with a single add-on configuration for baseline comparisons and a double add-on configuration to simulate collisions with both players wearing shell add-ons. A linear mixed-effect model was used to evaluate peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), and concussion risk, which was calculated from a bivariate injury risk function, based on shell add-on and test configuration. Results: All shell add-ons decreased peak head kinematics and injury risk compared to controls, with the Guardian NXT producing the largest reductions (PLA: 7.9%, PRA: 14.1%, Risk: 34.1%) compared to the SAFR Helmet Cover (PLA: 4.5%, PRA: 9.3%, Risk: 24.7%) and Guardian XT (PLA: 3.2%, PRA: 5.0%, Risk: 15.5%). The same trend was observed in the double add-on test configuration. However, the Guardian NXT (PLA: 17.1%; PRA: 11.5%; Risk: 62.8%) and SAFR Helmet Cover (PLA: 12.2%; PRA: 9.1%; Risk: 52.2%) produced larger reductions in peak head kinematics and injury risk than the Guardian XT (PLA: 5.7%, PRA: 2.2%, Risk: 21.8%). Conclusion: In laboratory-based assessments that simulated varsity-level impact conditions, the Guardian NXT was associated with larger reductions in PLA, PRA, and injury risk compared to the SAFR Helmet Cover and Guardian XT. Although shell add-ons can enhance head protection, helmet model selection should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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