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Comparative analysis of in situ and ex situ postmortem brain MRI: Evaluating volumetry, DTI, and relaxometry.

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Title: Comparative analysis of in situ and ex situ postmortem brain MRI: Evaluating volumetry, DTI, and relaxometry.
Authors: Neuhaus, Dominique1,2 (AUTHOR), Rost, Thomas2 (AUTHOR), Haas, Tanja3 (AUTHOR), Wendebourg, Maria Janina4,5 (AUTHOR), Schulze, Katja2 (AUTHOR), Schlaeger, Regina4,5 (AUTHOR), Scheurer, Eva1,2 (AUTHOR), Lenz, Claudia1,2 (AUTHOR) claudia.lenz@unibas.ch
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Jan2025, Vol. 93 Issue 1, p213-227. 15p.
Subjects: Postmortem imaging, Diffusion tensor imaging, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Gray matter (Nerve tissue), White matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract: Purpose: To compare postmortem in situ with ex situ MRI parameters, including volumetry, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and relaxometry for assessing methodology‐induced alterations, which is a crucial prerequisite when performing MRI biomarker validation. Methods: MRI whole‐brain scans of five deceased patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were performed at 3 T. In situ scans were conducted within 32 h after death (SD 18 h), and ex situ scans after brain extraction and 3 months of formalin fixation. The imaging protocol included MP2RAGE, DTI, and multi‐contrast spin‐echo and multi‐echo gradient‐echo sequences. Volumetry, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, T1, T2, and T2*$$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ have been assessed for specific brain regions. Results: When comparing ex situ to in situ values, the following results were obtained. Deep gray matter as well as the thalamus and the hippocampus showed a reduced volume. Fractional anisotropy was reduced in the cortex and the whole brain. Mean diffusivity was decreased in white matter and deep gray matter. T1 and T2 were reduced in all investigated structures, whereas T2*$$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ was increased in the cortex. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the volumes and MRI parameters of several brain regions are potentially affected by tissue extraction and subsequent formalin fixation, suggesting that methodological alterations are present in ex situ MRI. To avoid overlap of indistinguishable methodological and disease‐related changes, we recommend performing in situ postmortem MRI as an additional intermediate step for in vivo MRI biomarker validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Jan2025, Vol. 93 Issue 1, p213-227. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Postmortem+imaging%22">Postmortem imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diffusion+tensor+imaging%22">Diffusion tensor imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis%22">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gray+matter+%28Nerve+tissue%29%22">Gray matter (Nerve tissue)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+matter+%28Nerve+tissue%29%22">White matter (Nerve tissue)</searchLink>
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  Data: Purpose: To compare postmortem in situ with ex situ MRI parameters, including volumetry, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and relaxometry for assessing methodology‐induced alterations, which is a crucial prerequisite when performing MRI biomarker validation. Methods: MRI whole‐brain scans of five deceased patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were performed at 3 T. In situ scans were conducted within 32 h after death (SD 18 h), and ex situ scans after brain extraction and 3 months of formalin fixation. The imaging protocol included MP2RAGE, DTI, and multi‐contrast spin‐echo and multi‐echo gradient‐echo sequences. Volumetry, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, T1, T2, and T2*$$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ have been assessed for specific brain regions. Results: When comparing ex situ to in situ values, the following results were obtained. Deep gray matter as well as the thalamus and the hippocampus showed a reduced volume. Fractional anisotropy was reduced in the cortex and the whole brain. Mean diffusivity was decreased in white matter and deep gray matter. T1 and T2 were reduced in all investigated structures, whereas T2*$$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ was increased in the cortex. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the volumes and MRI parameters of several brain regions are potentially affected by tissue extraction and subsequent formalin fixation, suggesting that methodological alterations are present in ex situ MRI. To avoid overlap of indistinguishable methodological and disease‐related changes, we recommend performing in situ postmortem MRI as an additional intermediate step for in vivo MRI biomarker validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.30264
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diffusion tensor imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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      – SubjectFull: Gray matter (Nerve tissue)
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      – SubjectFull: White matter (Nerve tissue)
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      – TitleFull: Comparative analysis of in situ and ex situ postmortem brain MRI: Evaluating volumetry, DTI, and relaxometry.
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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