Reflection function, reflectance, and area function measurements in ears of children and adults.
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| Title: | Reflection function, reflectance, and area function measurements in ears of children and adults. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Keefe, Douglas H.1 (AUTHOR) dougkeefe1@gmail.com, Fitzpatrick, Denis F.1 (AUTHOR), Porter, Heather L.1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Su2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Oct2024, Vol. 156 Issue 4, p2709-2726. 18p. |
| Subjects: | Older people, Sound pressure, Age differences, Tympanic membrane, Area measurement, Ear canal, Ear |
| Abstract: | The main experiment concerned time-domain measurements of the acoustical reflection function (RF) of the human ear in adults and children (aged 5 to 8 years) using a probe inserted into the ear canal. This RF was used to calculate the area function of the ear canal versus distance along its centerline. Acoustical reflectance was calculated in the frequency domain from the RF, as was the difference in sound pressure level near the tympanic membrane relative to the probe tip. Group responses in area function, total ear-canal length, absorbance and group delay, and admittance magnitude and phase were analyzed based on sex, ear, and age. Responses were compared between children/adults and younger/older adults relative to age 50 years. Ear and sex were never significant. Significant differences were observed in children compared to adults in the area function, absorbance and group delay, and admittance magnitude and phase (0.25–4 kHz). Group delay differed between younger and older adults. A second experiment assessed level dependence of responses to better understand limitations in probe performance observed in the main experiment. These results show the utility of time-domain measurements of the area function and derived reflectance to understand sound-transmission differences across age at frequencies important to middle-ear function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 180631982 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Reflection function, reflectance, and area function measurements in ears of children and adults. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Keefe%2C+Douglas+H%2E%22">Keefe, Douglas H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dougkeefe1@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fitzpatrick%2C+Denis+F%2E%22">Fitzpatrick, Denis F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Porter%2C+Heather+L%2E%22">Porter, Heather L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Su%22">Chen, Su</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America%22">Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</searchLink>. Oct2024, Vol. 156 Issue 4, p2709-2726. 18p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Older+people%22">Older people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sound+pressure%22">Sound pressure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+differences%22">Age differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tympanic+membrane%22">Tympanic membrane</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Area+measurement%22">Area measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ear+canal%22">Ear canal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ear%22">Ear</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The main experiment concerned time-domain measurements of the acoustical reflection function (RF) of the human ear in adults and children (aged 5 to 8 years) using a probe inserted into the ear canal. This RF was used to calculate the area function of the ear canal versus distance along its centerline. Acoustical reflectance was calculated in the frequency domain from the RF, as was the difference in sound pressure level near the tympanic membrane relative to the probe tip. Group responses in area function, total ear-canal length, absorbance and group delay, and admittance magnitude and phase were analyzed based on sex, ear, and age. Responses were compared between children/adults and younger/older adults relative to age 50 years. Ear and sex were never significant. Significant differences were observed in children compared to adults in the area function, absorbance and group delay, and admittance magnitude and phase (0.25–4 kHz). Group delay differed between younger and older adults. A second experiment assessed level dependence of responses to better understand limitations in probe performance observed in the main experiment. These results show the utility of time-domain measurements of the area function and derived reflectance to understand sound-transmission differences across age at frequencies important to middle-ear function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1121/10.0032455 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 2709 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Older people Type: general – SubjectFull: Sound pressure Type: general – SubjectFull: Age differences Type: general – SubjectFull: Tympanic membrane Type: general – SubjectFull: Area measurement Type: general – SubjectFull: Ear canal Type: general – SubjectFull: Ear Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Reflection function, reflectance, and area function measurements in ears of children and adults. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Keefe, Douglas H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fitzpatrick, Denis F. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Porter, Heather L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chen, Su IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00014966 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 156 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
