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Impact of the SAC:CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization.

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Title: Impact of the SAC:CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization.
Authors: Mohammad, Khairool Azizul1 (AUTHOR) kazizul@umpsa.edu.my, Wei, Michelle H. S.1 (AUTHOR), E. Zainudin, Engku Nuraishah Huda2 (AUTHOR), Abd Rahim, Syarifah1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. Oct2024, Vol. 149 Issue 19, p10901-10913. 13p.
Subjects: Polymorphic transformations, Crystal morphology, Crystallization, Research personnel, Nucleation
Abstract: Carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal is one of the most studied co-crystals to date. It is proven to be polymorphic, consisting of Form I (plate-like shape) and Form II (needle-like shape), which is rarely reported by researchers. The present study aimed to study the effect of SAC:CBZ ratio on the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals using ice bath fast cooling crystallization. A series of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were produced from different SAC:CBZ mol ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1) and were compared in terms of their crystal form and morphology under microscope. The polymorphic changes were also studied from the CBZ-SAC suspension during co-crystallization process. The polymorphs of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were identified using PXRD, DSC, ATR-FTIR. The results showed that at lower ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), only plate-like shaped crystals (Form I) was present. For higher mol ratio (4:1, 5:1, 6:1), mixture of Form I and II of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were observed and further confirmed by DSC and ATR-FTIR. The nucleation process showed that Form II could convert to Form I when varying the SAC:CBZ ratio. Hence, it is proven that SAC:CBZ mol ratio can affect the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. Nonetheless, other parameters should be used to further study the formation of CBZ-SAC co-crystals since pure CBZ-SAC Form II co-crystals were not obtained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Impact of the SAC:CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohammad%2C+Khairool+Azizul%22">Mohammad, Khairool Azizul</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kazizul@umpsa.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Michelle+H%2E+S%2E%22">Wei, Michelle H. S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22E%2E+Zainudin%2C+Engku+Nuraishah+Huda%22">E. Zainudin, Engku Nuraishah Huda</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abd+Rahim%2C+Syarifah%22">Abd Rahim, Syarifah</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Thermal+Analysis+%26+Calorimetry%22">Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry</searchLink>. Oct2024, Vol. 149 Issue 19, p10901-10913. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymorphic+transformations%22">Polymorphic transformations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+morphology%22">Crystal morphology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallization%22">Crystallization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+personnel%22">Research personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nucleation%22">Nucleation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal is one of the most studied co-crystals to date. It is proven to be polymorphic, consisting of Form I (plate-like shape) and Form II (needle-like shape), which is rarely reported by researchers. The present study aimed to study the effect of SAC:CBZ ratio on the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals using ice bath fast cooling crystallization. A series of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were produced from different SAC:CBZ mol ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1) and were compared in terms of their crystal form and morphology under microscope. The polymorphic changes were also studied from the CBZ-SAC suspension during co-crystallization process. The polymorphs of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were identified using PXRD, DSC, ATR-FTIR. The results showed that at lower ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), only plate-like shaped crystals (Form I) was present. For higher mol ratio (4:1, 5:1, 6:1), mixture of Form I and II of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were observed and further confirmed by DSC and ATR-FTIR. The nucleation process showed that Form II could convert to Form I when varying the SAC:CBZ ratio. Hence, it is proven that SAC:CBZ mol ratio can affect the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. Nonetheless, other parameters should be used to further study the formation of CBZ-SAC co-crystals since pure CBZ-SAC Form II co-crystals were not obtained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Crystallization
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      – TitleFull: Impact of the SAC:CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization.
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              Text: Oct2024
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