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Versatile hybrid magnetic core silver-shell (Fe3O4@PEI@Ag) microspheres based SERS substrates for detection of organic dyes pollutant.

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Title:	Versatile hybrid magnetic core silver-shell (Fe3O4@PEI@Ag) microspheres based SERS substrates for detection of organic dyes pollutant.
Authors:	Kumar, Dev¹ (AUTHOR), Yadav, Anil K¹ (AUTHOR) anilsaciitb@gmail.com, Yadav, Akanksha¹ (AUTHOR), Rani, Swati¹ (AUTHOR), Kumar, Pawan¹ (AUTHOR), Dixit, Dinesh² (AUTHOR), Gupta, Sachin³ (AUTHOR)
Source:	Journal of Molecular Structure. Feb2025:Part 3, Vol. 1322, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects:	Iron oxides, SERS spectroscopy, Magnetic cores, Malachite green, Magnetic traps, Gentian violet
Abstract:	• This study introduces a hybrid SERS substrate designed to enhance the detection and discrimination of organic dyes in aqueous environments. • We present silver shell magnetic core (Fe3O4@PEI@Ag) microspheres as a versatile SERS substrate for the detection and differentiation of organic dyes, specifically malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), rhodamine 6 G (R6 G), and safranin o (S.O), which are often overlooked water pollutants. • The core-shell structure of Fe 3 O 4 @PEI@Ag microspheres have been synthesized via seed-mediated growth method. • These microspheres with aluminium (Al) base combination demonstrate high SERS sensitivity with enhancement factor of 1 × 105, 5.6 × 106, 6.4 × 106, and 4.2 × 105 for MG, CV, R6 G, and S.O respectively. • The limit of detections (LOD) have been found in the range between 10 and 8–10–10 for all four dyes. • Principal component analysis (PCA), a multivariate analysis has been adopted to discrimination of dyes. In recent years, the development of highly sensitive and versatile substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has become pivotal in environmental monitoring. This study introduces a hybrid SERS substrate designed to enhance the detection and discrimination of organic dyes in aqueous environments. In this report, we present silver shell magnetic core (Fe 3 O 4 @PEI@Ag) microspheres as a versatile SERS substrate for the detection and differentiation of organic dyes, specifically malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and Safranin O (S.O), which are often overlooked water pollutants. The core-shell structure of Fe 3 O 4 @PEI@Ag microspheres have been synthesized via seed-mediated growth method. The microspheres, integrates a magnetic core of iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) through a polymeric layer of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with silver shell (Ag), are optimized to act as magnetic separator and show SERS activity. The SEM measurements confirm the spherical shape of grown nano-particles whereas magnetization experiments confirm the presence of magnetic cores as well non-magnetic layers coating in the end products. These microspheres with aluminium (Al) base combination demonstrate high SERS sensitivity with enhancement factor of 1 × 105, 5.6 × 106, 6.4 × 106, and 4.2 × 105 for MG, CV, R6G, and S.O respectively. The detection limits have been found in the range between 10–8–10–10 for all four dyes. A linear relationship between Raman intensity and concentrations of dyes make it suitable for quantitative analysis of unknown concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA), a multivariate analysis has been adopted to discrimination of dyes. These dyes have been effectively detected quantitative in tap water to express substrate's suitability in real-world application. Their dual functionality, as SERS-active substrate and as magnetic separator, enhances their utility in real-world applications such as organic contaminants in aquatic environments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	• This study introduces a hybrid SERS substrate designed to enhance the detection and discrimination of organic dyes in aqueous environments. • We present silver shell magnetic core (Fe3O4@PEI@Ag) microspheres as a versatile SERS substrate for the detection and differentiation of organic dyes, specifically malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), rhodamine 6 G (R6 G), and safranin o (S.O), which are often overlooked water pollutants. • The core-shell structure of Fe 3 O 4 @PEI@Ag microspheres have been synthesized via seed-mediated growth method. • These microspheres with aluminium (Al) base combination demonstrate high SERS sensitivity with enhancement factor of 1 × 105, 5.6 × 106, 6.4 × 106, and 4.2 × 105 for MG, CV, R6 G, and S.O respectively. • The limit of detections (LOD) have been found in the range between 10 and 8–10–10 for all four dyes. • Principal component analysis (PCA), a multivariate analysis has been adopted to discrimination of dyes. In recent years, the development of highly sensitive and versatile substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has become pivotal in environmental monitoring. This study introduces a hybrid SERS substrate designed to enhance the detection and discrimination of organic dyes in aqueous environments. In this report, we present silver shell magnetic core (Fe 3 O 4 @PEI@Ag) microspheres as a versatile SERS substrate for the detection and differentiation of organic dyes, specifically malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and Safranin O (S.O), which are often overlooked water pollutants. The core-shell structure of Fe 3 O 4 @PEI@Ag microspheres have been synthesized via seed-mediated growth method. The microspheres, integrates a magnetic core of iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) through a polymeric layer of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with silver shell (Ag), are optimized to act as magnetic separator and show SERS activity. The SEM measurements confirm the spherical shape of grown nano-particles whereas magnetization experiments confirm the presence of magnetic cores as well non-magnetic layers coating in the end products. These microspheres with aluminium (Al) base combination demonstrate high SERS sensitivity with enhancement factor of 1 × 105, 5.6 × 106, 6.4 × 106, and 4.2 × 105 for MG, CV, R6G, and S.O respectively. The detection limits have been found in the range between 10–8–10–10 for all four dyes. A linear relationship between Raman intensity and concentrations of dyes make it suitable for quantitative analysis of unknown concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA), a multivariate analysis has been adopted to discrimination of dyes. These dyes have been effectively detected quantitative in tap water to express substrate's suitability in real-world application. Their dual functionality, as SERS-active substrate and as magnetic separator, enhances their utility in real-world applications such as organic contaminants in aquatic environments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	00222860
DOI:	10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.140522