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Bio-mediated enhancement of supergene copper mineralization: Evidence from Cu isotope geochemistry.

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Title: Bio-mediated enhancement of supergene copper mineralization: Evidence from Cu isotope geochemistry.
Authors: Rey-Samper, J. Javier1 (AUTHOR) jj.r.samper@csic.es, Mathur, Ryan2 (AUTHOR), Tornos, Fernando3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Jan2025, Vol. 388, p283-293. 11p.
Subjects: Copper isotopes, Copper, Cementation (Petrology), Cementation (Metallurgy), Isotopic fractionation
Geographic Terms: Spain
Abstract: The relationship between microbial activity and the supergene modification of ore systems has been a major subject of debate. Here, we present isotopic evidence of microbial-driven secondary copper mineralization in the active cementation zone of the Las Cruces deposit, a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit located in Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Copper isotopic data show that the lower isotopic ratios (δ65Cu ≈ −9.2 ± 0.11 ‰, the lowest value measured worldwide in a supergene environment) are found in the upper part of the cementation zone, the same zone where the maximum copper grades are found and where there is direct evidence of extremophilic microbial activity. There is a tendency towards higher values downwards through the cementation zone (−9.2 ± 0.11 ‰ to + 1.67 ± 0.11 ‰ δ65Cu) and upwards into the former Cu-depleted gossan that originally capped the cementation zone (−7.79 ± 0.11 ‰ to −1.32 ± 0.11 ‰ δ65Cu). As microbes preferentially sequester the lighter isotope when incorporating intracellular Cu, this distribution indicates that microbes played a major role in the formation of the high-grade zones. Water arrives to the deposit enriched in isotopically heavy copper, likely because it has leached other ore bodies upstream. δ65Cu values of water currently flowing into the system are remarkably more positive than those in the ore, indicating that microbial activity is a major cause of copper isotope fractionation. At least half of the copper transported by the incoming waters remains within the ore body. Our best interpretation is that the large and high-grade cementation zone at Las Cruces is of biogenic origin, and that the primary mineralization acted as a trap for copper transported by groundwater, leading to the formation of an exotic mineralization distal to sub-eroded massive sulfides located upstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 181601296
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Bio-mediated enhancement of supergene copper mineralization: Evidence from Cu isotope geochemistry.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta%22">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</searchLink>. Jan2025, Vol. 388, p283-293. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper+isotopes%22">Copper isotopes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper%22">Copper</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cementation+%28Petrology%29%22">Cementation (Petrology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cementation+%28Metallurgy%29%22">Cementation (Metallurgy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Isotopic+fractionation%22">Isotopic fractionation</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The relationship between microbial activity and the supergene modification of ore systems has been a major subject of debate. Here, we present isotopic evidence of microbial-driven secondary copper mineralization in the active cementation zone of the Las Cruces deposit, a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit located in Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Copper isotopic data show that the lower isotopic ratios (δ65Cu ≈ −9.2 ± 0.11 ‰, the lowest value measured worldwide in a supergene environment) are found in the upper part of the cementation zone, the same zone where the maximum copper grades are found and where there is direct evidence of extremophilic microbial activity. There is a tendency towards higher values downwards through the cementation zone (−9.2 ± 0.11 ‰ to + 1.67 ± 0.11 ‰ δ65Cu) and upwards into the former Cu-depleted gossan that originally capped the cementation zone (−7.79 ± 0.11 ‰ to −1.32 ± 0.11 ‰ δ65Cu). As microbes preferentially sequester the lighter isotope when incorporating intracellular Cu, this distribution indicates that microbes played a major role in the formation of the high-grade zones. Water arrives to the deposit enriched in isotopically heavy copper, likely because it has leached other ore bodies upstream. δ65Cu values of water currently flowing into the system are remarkably more positive than those in the ore, indicating that microbial activity is a major cause of copper isotope fractionation. At least half of the copper transported by the incoming waters remains within the ore body. Our best interpretation is that the large and high-grade cementation zone at Las Cruces is of biogenic origin, and that the primary mineralization acted as a trap for copper transported by groundwater, leading to the formation of an exotic mineralization distal to sub-eroded massive sulfides located upstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.gca.2024.10.014
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 283
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Copper isotopes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Copper
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cementation (Petrology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cementation (Metallurgy)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Isotopic fractionation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spain
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Bio-mediated enhancement of supergene copper mineralization: Evidence from Cu isotope geochemistry.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Rey-Samper, J. Javier
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            NameFull: Mathur, Ryan
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            NameFull: Tornos, Fernando
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 388
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