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Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering European and North American Curves.

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Title: Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering European and North American Curves.
Authors: Serna-Montoya, León F.1 (AUTHOR) leon.serna@udea.edu.co, Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, Sergio D.2 (AUTHOR) s.saldarriagazu@pascualbravo.edu.co, López-Lezama, Jesús M.1 (AUTHOR) leon.serna@udea.edu.co, Muñoz-Galeano, Nicolás1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Dec2024, Vol. 17 Issue 23, p5887. 26p.
Subjects: Imperialist competitive algorithm, Dual-task paradigm, Distributed power generation, Fault currents, Genetic algorithms
Abstract: Protecting AC microgrids (MGs) is a challenging task due to their dual operating modes—grid-connected and islanded—which cause sudden variations in fault currents. Traditional protection methods may no longer ensure network security. This paper presents a novel approach to protection coordination in AC MGs using non-standard features of directional over-current relays (DOCRs). Three key optimization variables are considered: Time Multiplier Setting (TMS), the plug setting multiplier's (PSM) maximum limit, and the standard characteristic curve (SCC). The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem and solved using four metaheuristic techniques: the genetic algorithm (GA), Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), Harmonic Search (HS), and Firefly Algorithm (FA). Tests on a benchmark IEC MG with distributed generation and various operating modes demonstrate that this approach reduces coordination times compared to existing methods. This paper's main contributions are threefold: (1) introducing a methodology for assessing the optimal performance of different standard curves in MG protection; (2) utilizing non-standard characteristics for optimal coordination of DOCRs; and (3) enabling the selection of curves from both North American and European standards. This approach improves trip time performance across multiple operating modes and topologies, enhancing the reliability and efficiency of MG protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 181656702
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering European and North American Curves.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Serna-Montoya%2C+León+F%2E%22">Serna-Montoya, León F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> leon.serna@udea.edu.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saldarriaga-Zuluaga%2C+Sergio+D%2E%22">Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, Sergio D.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> s.saldarriagazu@pascualbravo.edu.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22López-Lezama%2C+Jesús+M%2E%22">López-Lezama, Jesús M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> leon.serna@udea.edu.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muñoz-Galeano%2C+Nicolás%22">Muñoz-Galeano, Nicolás</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Dec2024, Vol. 17 Issue 23, p5887. 26p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Imperialist+competitive+algorithm%22">Imperialist competitive algorithm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dual-task+paradigm%22">Dual-task paradigm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distributed+power+generation%22">Distributed power generation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+currents%22">Fault currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+algorithms%22">Genetic algorithms</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Protecting AC microgrids (MGs) is a challenging task due to their dual operating modes—grid-connected and islanded—which cause sudden variations in fault currents. Traditional protection methods may no longer ensure network security. This paper presents a novel approach to protection coordination in AC MGs using non-standard features of directional over-current relays (DOCRs). Three key optimization variables are considered: Time Multiplier Setting (TMS), the plug setting multiplier's (PSM) maximum limit, and the standard characteristic curve (SCC). The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem and solved using four metaheuristic techniques: the genetic algorithm (GA), Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), Harmonic Search (HS), and Firefly Algorithm (FA). Tests on a benchmark IEC MG with distributed generation and various operating modes demonstrate that this approach reduces coordination times compared to existing methods. This paper's main contributions are threefold: (1) introducing a methodology for assessing the optimal performance of different standard curves in MG protection; (2) utilizing non-standard characteristics for optimal coordination of DOCRs; and (3) enabling the selection of curves from both North American and European standards. This approach improves trip time performance across multiple operating modes and topologies, enhancing the reliability and efficiency of MG protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/en17235887
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 5887
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Imperialist competitive algorithm
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dual-task paradigm
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Distributed power generation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fault currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetic algorithms
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering European and North American Curves.
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            NameFull: Serna-Montoya, León F.
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            NameFull: Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, Sergio D.
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            NameFull: López-Lezama, Jesús M.
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            NameFull: Muñoz-Galeano, Nicolás
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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