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Emergent properties modelled with the functional structural tree growth model ALMIS: Computer experiments on resource gain and use

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Title: Emergent properties modelled with the functional structural tree growth model ALMIS: Computer experiments on resource gain and use
Authors: Eschenbach, Christiane1 eschenba@uni-hohenheim.de
Source: Ecological Modelling. Sep2005, Vol. 186 Issue 4, p470-488. 19p.
Subjects: Object-oriented programming, SIMULA (Computer program language), Nutrient uptake, Plant physiology
Abstract: Abstract: The functional structural tree growth model ALMIS uses the individual based modelling approach and is implemented in the object-oriented programming language SIMULA. All features (state variables) and functions (processes) are specified locally, on the level of the single plant organs. Increasing numbers of “copies” (objects) of these elementary units, Internodes, Leaves, Meristems, Roots, and Root tips, form the growing tree. Various procedures (e.g. Photosynthesis, Nutrient_uptake, Transport, Storage, Mobilisation, Respiration, Growth) are employed to describe carbon and nutrient uptake, and matter fluxes between the different plant organs. Combining plant physiology and architecture, ALMIS allows studying the effect of single ecophysiological and structural processes on whole tree growth and in the tree–environment system. Some of these effects, driven by microclimate, self-shading, variable nutrient availability, variable transport dynamics, and branching patterns are exemplified. From the interactions at the organ and sub-organ levels new features emerge at higher levels of plant organisation. These so-called emergent properties are, for example, lifetime spectrum of single organs, space filling (“architecture”) and self-thinning of the crown. The most prominent emergent properties are the different growth forms of trees resulting from simulations under various conditions. Their causal interrelations are discussed in detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 18206271
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Emergent properties modelled with the functional structural tree growth model ALMIS: Computer experiments on resource gain and use
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eschenbach%2C+Christiane%22">Eschenbach, Christiane</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> eschenba@uni-hohenheim.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecological+Modelling%22">Ecological Modelling</searchLink>. Sep2005, Vol. 186 Issue 4, p470-488. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Object-oriented+programming%22">Object-oriented programming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SIMULA+%28Computer+program+language%29%22">SIMULA (Computer program language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nutrient+uptake%22">Nutrient uptake</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+physiology%22">Plant physiology</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: The functional structural tree growth model ALMIS uses the individual based modelling approach and is implemented in the object-oriented programming language SIMULA. All features (state variables) and functions (processes) are specified locally, on the level of the single plant organs. Increasing numbers of “copies” (objects) of these elementary units, Internodes, Leaves, Meristems, Roots, and Root tips, form the growing tree. Various procedures (e.g. Photosynthesis, Nutrient_uptake, Transport, Storage, Mobilisation, Respiration, Growth) are employed to describe carbon and nutrient uptake, and matter fluxes between the different plant organs. Combining plant physiology and architecture, ALMIS allows studying the effect of single ecophysiological and structural processes on whole tree growth and in the tree–environment system. Some of these effects, driven by microclimate, self-shading, variable nutrient availability, variable transport dynamics, and branching patterns are exemplified. From the interactions at the organ and sub-organ levels new features emerge at higher levels of plant organisation. These so-called emergent properties are, for example, lifetime spectrum of single organs, space filling (“architecture”) and self-thinning of the crown. The most prominent emergent properties are the different growth forms of trees resulting from simulations under various conditions. Their causal interrelations are discussed in detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.02.013
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Object-oriented programming
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: SIMULA (Computer program language)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nutrient uptake
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      – SubjectFull: Plant physiology
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      – TitleFull: Emergent properties modelled with the functional structural tree growth model ALMIS: Computer experiments on resource gain and use
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              Text: Sep2005
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