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Forensic metabolomics: Tracing cyanide-induced metabolic changes in fatalities.

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Title: Forensic metabolomics: Tracing cyanide-induced metabolic changes in fatalities.
Authors: Ariza-Garcia, Wilmar Alexander1,2, Pardo-Rodriguez, Daniel3, Guerrero Alvarez, Gloria E.1, Taborda-Ocampo, Gonzalo4, Rosero-Moreano, Milton4, Cala, Mónica P.1,3 mp.cala10@uniandes.edu.co
Source: Forensic Science International. Feb2025, Vol. 367, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Metabolomics, Forensic sciences, Cyanides, Causes of death, Lipidomics
Abstract: Accurate detection of cyanide exposure is crucial, particularly in forensic science. However, cyanide's high volatility and potential biochemical conversions in biological samples pose challenges for direct detection, complicating the determination of cause of death. Identifying alternative cyanide metabolites as markers may mitigate false negatives and positives, extending the detection window in poisoning cases. This study aimed to evaluate metabolic changes induced by cyanide exposure in forensic cases using a multi-platform approach, including metabolomics and lipidomics analyses via liquid and gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated clear discrimination between cyanide-exposed and control groups through OPLS-DA models. A total of 92 altered metabolites were identified in cyanide-exposed individuals compared to controls. Significant changes in metabolites primarily included glycerophospholipids (30.7 %), glycerolipids (14 %), fatty acyls (12.9 %), sphingolipids (8.0 %), amino acids and analogs (8.0 %), among others. Cyanide intoxication disrupted multiple metabolic pathways, including mitochondrial β-oxidation, acylcarnitine accumulation, a shift towards gluconeogenesis in amino acid metabolism, and ammonia homeostasis disturbance, affecting both ammonia recycling and the urea cycle. These pathways are essential for cellular energy production. The altered metabolic profiles provide insight into cyanide poisoning pathways, potentially aiding the development of new forensic diagnostic strategies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess each model's predictive value. Findings suggest that metabolites such as phosphate and 3-hydroxybutyric acid could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in lethal cyanide poisoning cases. Future studies must evaluate these potential biomarkers' effectiveness in different fatal victim cohorts and validate the suggested panel through a targeted approach. [Display omitted] • LC/GC-QTOF analysis reveals metabolomic and lipidomic changes in cyanide poisoning. • 92 metabolites were identified to be altered following cyanide intoxication. • Intoxication disrupted β-oxidation, acylcarnitine buildup and ammonia homeostasis disruption. • Phosphate and 3-hydroxybutyrate: potential biomarkers for cyanide poisoning in lethal doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Forensic metabolomics: Tracing cyanide-induced metabolic changes in fatalities.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ariza-Garcia%2C+Wilmar+Alexander%22">Ariza-Garcia, Wilmar Alexander</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pardo-Rodriguez%2C+Daniel%22">Pardo-Rodriguez, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guerrero+Alvarez%2C+Gloria+E%2E%22">Guerrero Alvarez, Gloria E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taborda-Ocampo%2C+Gonzalo%22">Taborda-Ocampo, Gonzalo</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rosero-Moreano%2C+Milton%22">Rosero-Moreano, Milton</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cala%2C+Mónica+P%2E%22">Cala, Mónica P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><i> mp.cala10@uniandes.edu.co</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Forensic+Science+International%22">Forensic Science International</searchLink>. Feb2025, Vol. 367, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metabolomics%22">Metabolomics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forensic+sciences%22">Forensic sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyanides%22">Cyanides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Causes+of+death%22">Causes of death</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lipidomics%22">Lipidomics</searchLink>
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  Data: Accurate detection of cyanide exposure is crucial, particularly in forensic science. However, cyanide's high volatility and potential biochemical conversions in biological samples pose challenges for direct detection, complicating the determination of cause of death. Identifying alternative cyanide metabolites as markers may mitigate false negatives and positives, extending the detection window in poisoning cases. This study aimed to evaluate metabolic changes induced by cyanide exposure in forensic cases using a multi-platform approach, including metabolomics and lipidomics analyses via liquid and gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated clear discrimination between cyanide-exposed and control groups through OPLS-DA models. A total of 92 altered metabolites were identified in cyanide-exposed individuals compared to controls. Significant changes in metabolites primarily included glycerophospholipids (30.7 %), glycerolipids (14 %), fatty acyls (12.9 %), sphingolipids (8.0 %), amino acids and analogs (8.0 %), among others. Cyanide intoxication disrupted multiple metabolic pathways, including mitochondrial β-oxidation, acylcarnitine accumulation, a shift towards gluconeogenesis in amino acid metabolism, and ammonia homeostasis disturbance, affecting both ammonia recycling and the urea cycle. These pathways are essential for cellular energy production. The altered metabolic profiles provide insight into cyanide poisoning pathways, potentially aiding the development of new forensic diagnostic strategies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess each model's predictive value. Findings suggest that metabolites such as phosphate and 3-hydroxybutyric acid could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in lethal cyanide poisoning cases. Future studies must evaluate these potential biomarkers' effectiveness in different fatal victim cohorts and validate the suggested panel through a targeted approach. [Display omitted] • LC/GC-QTOF analysis reveals metabolomic and lipidomic changes in cyanide poisoning. • 92 metabolites were identified to be altered following cyanide intoxication. • Intoxication disrupted β-oxidation, acylcarnitine buildup and ammonia homeostasis disruption. • Phosphate and 3-hydroxybutyrate: potential biomarkers for cyanide poisoning in lethal doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112350
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Metabolomics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forensic sciences
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      – SubjectFull: Cyanides
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      – SubjectFull: Causes of death
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      – SubjectFull: Lipidomics
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              Text: Feb2025
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              Y: 2025
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