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Hydrogen uptake and embrittlement behavior in pipeline steels: Insights from slow strain rate testing and synchrotron micro-CT imaging.

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Title: Hydrogen uptake and embrittlement behavior in pipeline steels: Insights from slow strain rate testing and synchrotron micro-CT imaging.
Authors: Jack, Tonye Alaso1 (AUTHOR) tonye.jack@usask.ca, Webb, M. Adam2 (AUTHOR), Rahman, K.M. Mostafijur1 (AUTHOR), Fazeli, Fateh3 (AUTHOR), Szpunar, Jerzy1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Engineering Failure Analysis. May2025, Vol. 172, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Hydrogen embrittlement of metals, X-ray computed microtomography, Thermal desorption, Strain rate, Failure mode & effects analysis
Abstract: • Synchrotron micro-CT enhanced visualization of internal cracks undetectable in 2D analysis. • Steel microstructure influenced hydrogen diffusion and trapping, affecting crack initiation and severity. • Simultaneous hydrogen ingress and stress resulted in more severe embrittlement. • Hydrogen retention, not just crack initiation, critically drives embrittlement and failure mode. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) presents a major challenge to the integrity of steel pipelines, often leading to premature failure. Traditional methods using two-dimensional (2D) analysis of damaged structures, often overlook critical features related to failure. Hence, this study investigates the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of two pipeline steels, X60 and X65, using a combination of mechanical testing, hydrogen diffusion and trapping studies, microstructural characterization, and synchrotron micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging. The results highlight the critical role of hydrogen trapping and retention in HE, with steel microstructure significantly affecting hydrogen uptake and diffusion as well as crack nucleation and propagation. Synchrotron micro-CT imaging provided more accurate crack pattern assessments than traditional 2D methods, revealing potential misinterpretations from 2D cross-sectional analysis. This study concludes that simultaneous hydrogen ingress and mechanical loading is more damaging than pre-charging with high hydrogen concentrations, and that hydrogen retention capacity plays a greater role in embrittlement behavior than crack initiation. The failure mechanism of the hydrogen-charged steels shifted from being plasticity-based to decohesion-driven, based on the hydrogen content and retention in the steel, which is in line with the unified HELP+HEDE model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Engineering Failure Analysis is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+embrittlement+of+metals%22">Hydrogen embrittlement of metals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+computed+microtomography%22">X-ray computed microtomography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+desorption%22">Thermal desorption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strain+rate%22">Strain rate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Failure+mode+%26+effects+analysis%22">Failure mode & effects analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: • Synchrotron micro-CT enhanced visualization of internal cracks undetectable in 2D analysis. • Steel microstructure influenced hydrogen diffusion and trapping, affecting crack initiation and severity. • Simultaneous hydrogen ingress and stress resulted in more severe embrittlement. • Hydrogen retention, not just crack initiation, critically drives embrittlement and failure mode. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) presents a major challenge to the integrity of steel pipelines, often leading to premature failure. Traditional methods using two-dimensional (2D) analysis of damaged structures, often overlook critical features related to failure. Hence, this study investigates the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of two pipeline steels, X60 and X65, using a combination of mechanical testing, hydrogen diffusion and trapping studies, microstructural characterization, and synchrotron micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging. The results highlight the critical role of hydrogen trapping and retention in HE, with steel microstructure significantly affecting hydrogen uptake and diffusion as well as crack nucleation and propagation. Synchrotron micro-CT imaging provided more accurate crack pattern assessments than traditional 2D methods, revealing potential misinterpretations from 2D cross-sectional analysis. This study concludes that simultaneous hydrogen ingress and mechanical loading is more damaging than pre-charging with high hydrogen concentrations, and that hydrogen retention capacity plays a greater role in embrittlement behavior than crack initiation. The failure mechanism of the hydrogen-charged steels shifted from being plasticity-based to decohesion-driven, based on the hydrogen content and retention in the steel, which is in line with the unified HELP+HEDE model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Engineering Failure Analysis is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109419
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray computed microtomography
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal desorption
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      – SubjectFull: Strain rate
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      – SubjectFull: Failure mode & effects analysis
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      – TitleFull: Hydrogen uptake and embrittlement behavior in pipeline steels: Insights from slow strain rate testing and synchrotron micro-CT imaging.
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            NameFull: Jack, Tonye Alaso
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              M: 05
              Text: May2025
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              Y: 2025
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