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The Influence of Micro- and Macrocracks on the Permeability of Granite.

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Title: The Influence of Micro- and Macrocracks on the Permeability of Granite.
Authors: Carbillet, L.1,2 (AUTHOR) lucille.carbillet@univ-lorraine.fr, Griffiths, L.1,3 (AUTHOR), Heap, M. J.1,4,5 (AUTHOR), Duwiquet, H.6 (AUTHOR), Baud, P.1 (AUTHOR), Violay, M. E. S.5 (AUTHOR), Reuschlé, T.1 (AUTHOR), Guillou-Frottier, L.7,8 (AUTHOR)
Source: Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering. Feb2025, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p1361-1378. 18p.
Subjects: Earth sciences, Acoustic emission, Fluid flow, Geothermal resources, Thermal conductivity, Microcracks
Abstract: Damage zones exist around crustal faults, where micro- and macrocracks coexist and form a complex conduit network for fluid flow. The permeability of these zones can change rapidly as the crack network evolves during deformation. To investigate the relative influence of micro- and macrocracks on permeability, we performed an experimental study on Lanhélin granite, consisting of three steps: (1) monitoring thermal microcracking using high-temperature experiments, (2) measuring the evolution of physical properties following thermal stressing, and (3) measuring the permeability of thermally stressed samples during triaxial deformation. By monitoring acoustic emission activity and P-wave velocity during heating, we find that thermal microcracking starts at ~ 100 °C and accumulates up to the maximum temperature of 700 °C. Porosity and permeability increase and P-wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, and thermal conductivity and diffusivity decrease as thermal-stressing temperature increases from room temperature to 700 °C. The axial permeability of thermally stressed samples decreases by about one order of magnitude during triaxial loading to the peak stress, due to the closure of pre-existing microcracks, and then increases following the formation of a macroscopic shear fracture. Permeability then remains more-or-less constant as strain is accommodated by the resultant shear fracture. Our results show that the permeability of microcracked granite evolves differently to intact granite, for which permeability increases, during pre-failure deformation in the brittle regime. Such results have important implications for fluid flow in crustal fault systems and their potential for geothermal energy exploitation, which we explore using a simple numerical simulation. Highlights: Microcracks start forming in Lanhélin granite around 100°C, making the rock samples progressively more porous and permeable but weaker up to 700 °C. Under compression, the permeability of microcracked samples initially drops due to closing microcracks and then increases to a residual level when a large fracture forms. During pre-failure deformation in the brittle regime, the permeability of our microcracked granite decreases whereas that of initially intact granite increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Damage zones exist around crustal faults, where micro- and macrocracks coexist and form a complex conduit network for fluid flow. The permeability of these zones can change rapidly as the crack network evolves during deformation. To investigate the relative influence of micro- and macrocracks on permeability, we performed an experimental study on Lanhélin granite, consisting of three steps: (1) monitoring thermal microcracking using high-temperature experiments, (2) measuring the evolution of physical properties following thermal stressing, and (3) measuring the permeability of thermally stressed samples during triaxial deformation. By monitoring acoustic emission activity and P-wave velocity during heating, we find that thermal microcracking starts at ~ 100 °C and accumulates up to the maximum temperature of 700 °C. Porosity and permeability increase and P-wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, and thermal conductivity and diffusivity decrease as thermal-stressing temperature increases from room temperature to 700 °C. The axial permeability of thermally stressed samples decreases by about one order of magnitude during triaxial loading to the peak stress, due to the closure of pre-existing microcracks, and then increases following the formation of a macroscopic shear fracture. Permeability then remains more-or-less constant as strain is accommodated by the resultant shear fracture. Our results show that the permeability of microcracked granite evolves differently to intact granite, for which permeability increases, during pre-failure deformation in the brittle regime. Such results have important implications for fluid flow in crustal fault systems and their potential for geothermal energy exploitation, which we explore using a simple numerical simulation. Highlights: Microcracks start forming in Lanhélin granite around 100°C, making the rock samples progressively more porous and permeable but weaker up to 700 °C. Under compression, the permeability of microcracked samples initially drops due to closing microcracks and then increases to a residual level when a large fracture forms. During pre-failure deformation in the brittle regime, the permeability of our microcracked granite decreases whereas that of initially intact granite increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
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              Text: Feb2025
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