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Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue: in vitro and in vivo studies.

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Title: Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Authors: de Brito Júnior, Anildo Alves1,2 (AUTHOR) junioranildo02@gmail.com, Crugeira, Pedro Jorge Louro3,4,5 (AUTHOR) pedrocrugeira@yahoo.com.br, Barbosa, Andressa Vollono1,6 (AUTHOR) andressavollono@gmail.com, Costa, Wellington Luis Reis1 (AUTHOR) wreiscosta@gmail.com, Cangussu, Maria Cristina Teixeira2,7 (AUTHOR) cristinatcangussu@gmail.com, de Oliveira, Susana Carla Pires Sampaio1 (AUTHOR) susampaiooliveira@gmail.com, de Mello, Amanda Inês Vieira8 (AUTHOR) amandaines.mello@gmail.com, Pinheiro, Antônio Luiz Barbosa1 (AUTHOR) albp@ufba.br, Azevedo, Juliana Monteiro9 (AUTHOR) jscmonteiro@uefs.br
Source: Lasers in Medical Science. 2/25/2025, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p1-8. 8p.
Subjects: Medical sciences, Medical microbiology, Life sciences, Photodynamic therapy, Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract: The efficiency of antibiotics in terms of their bacterial inhibition is well known. However, studies show that its overuse, underuse, and misuse induce antimicrobial resistance, promoting the need to work with alternative methods. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising selective method demonstrating excellent response. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action promoted in Staphylococcus aureus using 1,9 dimethyl methylene blue dye (DMMB) combined with red LED (λ 630 ± 20 nm, CW, 125 mW, 12 J/ cm², 192 s) in planktonic culture and rats skin wounds contaminated with staphylococcal bacteria. The experimental in vitro and in vivo groups were Control, LED, DMMB, and LED + DMMB; after aPDT, the triplicate samples for each dilution were incubated for 24 h, and the number of bacteria was determined by counting the colony-forming units, and the logarithm (CFU/mL log). Based on in vitro data obtained, the LED + DMMB group, when compared to the Control, showed a reduction in microbial load of 99.943% (p < 0.0001), with decimal reduction (RD = 3). Whereas in vivo results, the same comparing groups demonstrated a reduction in microbial load, reaching 99.994% (RD = 4). In this research, the aPDT was a unique treatment, and it is possible to repeat it to obtain higher microbial reduction, providing an alternative therapeutic that can be clinically validated to combat infections caused by S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue: in vitro and in vivo studies.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22de+Brito+J&#250;nior%2C+Anildo+Alves%22&quot;&gt;de Brito J&#250;nior, Anildo Alves&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; junioranildo02@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Crugeira%2C+Pedro+Jorge+Louro%22&quot;&gt;Crugeira, Pedro Jorge Louro&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3,4,5&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; pedrocrugeira@yahoo.com.br&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Barbosa%2C+Andressa+Vollono%22&quot;&gt;Barbosa, Andressa Vollono&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; andressavollono@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Costa%2C+Wellington+Luis+Reis%22&quot;&gt;Costa, Wellington Luis Reis&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; wreiscosta@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cangussu%2C+Maria+Cristina+Teixeira%22&quot;&gt;Cangussu, Maria Cristina Teixeira&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,7&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; cristinatcangussu@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22de+Oliveira%2C+Susana+Carla+Pires+Sampaio%22&quot;&gt;de Oliveira, Susana Carla Pires Sampaio&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; susampaiooliveira@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22de+Mello%2C+Amanda+In&#234;s+Vieira%22&quot;&gt;de Mello, Amanda In&#234;s Vieira&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;8&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; amandaines.mello@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Pinheiro%2C+Ant&#244;nio+Luiz+Barbosa%22&quot;&gt;Pinheiro, Ant&#244;nio Luiz Barbosa&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; albp@ufba.br&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Azevedo%2C+Juliana+Monteiro%22&quot;&gt;Azevedo, Juliana Monteiro&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;9&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; jscmonteiro@uefs.br&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Lasers+in+Medical+Science%22&quot;&gt;Lasers in Medical Science&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2/25/2025, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p1-8. 8p.
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  Data: The efficiency of antibiotics in terms of their bacterial inhibition is well known. However, studies show that its overuse, underuse, and misuse induce antimicrobial resistance, promoting the need to work with alternative methods. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising selective method demonstrating excellent response. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action promoted in Staphylococcus aureus using 1,9 dimethyl methylene blue dye (DMMB) combined with red LED (λ 630 &#177; 20 nm, CW, 125 mW, 12 J/ cm&#178;, 192 s) in planktonic culture and rats skin wounds contaminated with staphylococcal bacteria. The experimental in vitro and in vivo groups were Control, LED, DMMB, and LED + DMMB; after aPDT, the triplicate samples for each dilution were incubated for 24 h, and the number of bacteria was determined by counting the colony-forming units, and the logarithm (CFU/mL log). Based on in vitro data obtained, the LED + DMMB group, when compared to the Control, showed a reduction in microbial load of 99.943% (p &lt; 0.0001), with decimal reduction (RD = 3). Whereas in vivo results, the same comparing groups demonstrated a reduction in microbial load, reaching 99.994% (RD = 4). In this research, the aPDT was a unique treatment, and it is possible to repeat it to obtain higher microbial reduction, providing an alternative therapeutic that can be clinically validated to combat infections caused by S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10103-025-04362-6
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