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Effect of Annealing in Air on the Structural and Optical Properties and Efficiency Improvement of TiO 2 /Cu x O Solar Cells Obtained via Direct-Current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering.

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Title: Effect of Annealing in Air on the Structural and Optical Properties and Efficiency Improvement of TiO 2 /Cu x O Solar Cells Obtained via Direct-Current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering.
Authors: Wisz, Grzegorz1 (AUTHOR), Sibiński, Maciej2,3 (AUTHOR), Łabuz, Mirosław3,4 (AUTHOR) mlabuz@ur.edu.pl, Potera, Piotr1,4 (AUTHOR), Płoch, Dariusz1,5 (AUTHOR), Bester, Mariusz1,4 (AUTHOR), Yavorskyi, Rostyslav2,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Feb2025, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p888. 16p.
Subjects: Solar cell efficiency, Reactive sputtering, Reflectance, Magnetron sputtering, Buffer layers
Abstract: In this study, four various titanium dioxide/cuprum oxide (TiO2/CuxO) photovoltaic structures deposited on glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using the direct-current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering technique were annealed in air. In our previous work, the deposition parameters for different buffer layer configurations were first optimized to enhance cell fabrication efficiency. In this paper, the effects of post-deposition annealing at 150 °C in air on the optical properties and I-V characteristics of the prepared structures were examined. As a result, significant changes in optical properties and a meaningful improvement in performance in comparison to unannealed cells were observed. Air annealing led to an increase in the reflection coefficient of the TiO2 layer for three out of four structures. A similar increase in the reflection of the CuxO layer occurred after heating for two out of four structures. Transmission of the TiO2/CuxO photovoltaic structures also increased after heating for three out of four samples. For two structures, changes in both transmission and reflection resulted in higher absorption. Moreover, annealing the as-deposited structures resulted in a maximum relative increase in open-circuit voltage (Voc) by 294% and an increase in short-circuit current (Isc) by 1200%. The presented article gives some in-depth analysis of these reported changes in character and origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effect of Annealing in Air on the Structural and Optical Properties and Efficiency Improvement of TiO 2 /Cu x O Solar Cells Obtained via Direct-Current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Feb2025, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p888. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cell+efficiency%22">Solar cell efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reactive+sputtering%22">Reactive sputtering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflectance%22">Reflectance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetron+sputtering%22">Magnetron sputtering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Buffer+layers%22">Buffer layers</searchLink>
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  Data: In this study, four various titanium dioxide/cuprum oxide (TiO2/CuxO) photovoltaic structures deposited on glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using the direct-current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering technique were annealed in air. In our previous work, the deposition parameters for different buffer layer configurations were first optimized to enhance cell fabrication efficiency. In this paper, the effects of post-deposition annealing at 150 °C in air on the optical properties and I-V characteristics of the prepared structures were examined. As a result, significant changes in optical properties and a meaningful improvement in performance in comparison to unannealed cells were observed. Air annealing led to an increase in the reflection coefficient of the TiO2 layer for three out of four structures. A similar increase in the reflection of the CuxO layer occurred after heating for two out of four structures. Transmission of the TiO2/CuxO photovoltaic structures also increased after heating for three out of four samples. For two structures, changes in both transmission and reflection resulted in higher absorption. Moreover, annealing the as-deposited structures resulted in a maximum relative increase in open-circuit voltage (Voc) by 294% and an increase in short-circuit current (Isc) by 1200%. The presented article gives some in-depth analysis of these reported changes in character and origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma18040888
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reactive sputtering
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      – SubjectFull: Reflectance
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      – SubjectFull: Buffer layers
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      – TitleFull: Effect of Annealing in Air on the Structural and Optical Properties and Efficiency Improvement of TiO 2 /Cu x O Solar Cells Obtained via Direct-Current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering.
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              Text: Feb2025
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              Y: 2025
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