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School buildings layout: Enhancing resilience to targeted violence utilizing cellular automata (CA).

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Title: School buildings layout: Enhancing resilience to targeted violence utilizing cellular automata (CA).
Authors: Ecet, Dejan1 (AUTHOR), Atanacković Jeličić, Jelena1 (AUTHOR), Rapaić, Milan2 (AUTHOR), Pejić, Stefan1 (AUTHOR) stefan.pejic@uns.ac.rs
Source: International Journal of Architectural Computing. Mar2025, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p209-238. 30p.
Subjects: School building design & construction, Building layout, Architectural design, Floor plans, Security systems
Abstract: This study is dedicated to the examination of safety requirements and the enhancement of resilience against security breaches and targeted violence in the architectural design of school building floor plans. For this purpose, the study utilizes Cellular Automaton (CA) as a design tool, as a means of generating possibly infinite number of solutions according to the set design rules. The initial phase of the study involved the abstraction of existing school floor plans (sourced from European and US architectural practices) to a diagrammatic level suitable for subsequent CA cell definition. Further, additional safety-oriented criteria were incorporated, resulting in the emergence of innovative architectural configurations. The safety parameters applied drew insights from the redesign endeavors of Fruitport High School in Michigan in 2019, with a particular emphasis on the implementation of angular, mazelike corridors for defensive purposes. The findings presented in this research demonstrate that, despite the perceived intricacies within contemporary architectural practices, the employed methodology facilitates an expanded repertoire of architectural solutions while concurrently addressing heightened security requisites. The emerged set of generated architectural layouts shows the properties of a new architectural typology of school buildings, to which additional ambiental values can be associated, while recommended net areas have been preserved. Furthermore, the results underscore the adaptability of this approach to various architectural challenges, particularly those centered around the corridor as a pivotal element in the functional organization of spatial layouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Architectural Computing is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: School buildings layout: Enhancing resilience to targeted violence utilizing cellular automata (CA).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ecet%2C+Dejan%22">Ecet, Dejan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Atanacković+Jeličić%2C+Jelena%22">Atanacković Jeličić, Jelena</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rapaić%2C+Milan%22">Rapaić, Milan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pejić%2C+Stefan%22">Pejić, Stefan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> stefan.pejic@uns.ac.rs</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Architectural+Computing%22">International Journal of Architectural Computing</searchLink>. Mar2025, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p209-238. 30p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+building+design+%26+construction%22">School building design & construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Building+layout%22">Building layout</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Architectural+design%22">Architectural design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Floor+plans%22">Floor plans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Security+systems%22">Security systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study is dedicated to the examination of safety requirements and the enhancement of resilience against security breaches and targeted violence in the architectural design of school building floor plans. For this purpose, the study utilizes Cellular Automaton (CA) as a design tool, as a means of generating possibly infinite number of solutions according to the set design rules. The initial phase of the study involved the abstraction of existing school floor plans (sourced from European and US architectural practices) to a diagrammatic level suitable for subsequent CA cell definition. Further, additional safety-oriented criteria were incorporated, resulting in the emergence of innovative architectural configurations. The safety parameters applied drew insights from the redesign endeavors of Fruitport High School in Michigan in 2019, with a particular emphasis on the implementation of angular, mazelike corridors for defensive purposes. The findings presented in this research demonstrate that, despite the perceived intricacies within contemporary architectural practices, the employed methodology facilitates an expanded repertoire of architectural solutions while concurrently addressing heightened security requisites. The emerged set of generated architectural layouts shows the properties of a new architectural typology of school buildings, to which additional ambiental values can be associated, while recommended net areas have been preserved. Furthermore, the results underscore the adaptability of this approach to various architectural challenges, particularly those centered around the corridor as a pivotal element in the functional organization of spatial layouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Architectural Computing is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1177/14780771241279349
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 30
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      – SubjectFull: School building design & construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Building layout
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Architectural design
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            NameFull: Rapaić, Milan
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2025
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              Y: 2025
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