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Two-phase flow characteristics and leakage in the shaft seal of steam screw expanders.

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Title: Two-phase flow characteristics and leakage in the shaft seal of steam screw expanders.
Authors: Tian, Yafen1,2 (AUTHOR) yftian_usst@qq.com, Wang, Zebin1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zhixiang1 (AUTHOR), Jiang, Ziqi1 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Zhaorui1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Hua1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Refrigeration. Apr2025, Vol. 172, p214-227. 14p.
Subjects: Two-phase flow, Isothermal efficiency, Steam flow, Real gases, Ideal gases
Abstract: • Using wet steam model to calculate two-phase flow process with phase change. • Errors are within 7.28 % between simulation and experiment results. • A study on operation parameters is conducted for flow features and seal leakage. • Higher superheat degree, rotation speed, and liquid mass fraction reduce leakage. Twin-screw expander is an efficient technology for steam pipeline pressure recovery applications. It operates at lower pressures than turbines and exhibits good performance with droplets. Leakage through the suction end face directly reduces the expander's volumetric efficiency, highlighting the significance of research on shaft seals. This study confirms that the Wet Steam Model is more accurate than the Ideal and Real Gas Models in reflecting the phase change phenomena and flow characteristics of steam after throttling. The effects of four key operating parameters were further investigated on the leakage and flow characteristics of the shaft seal, including suction pressure, superheat degree, rotating speed and liquid mass fraction. The results indicate that, within the specified pressure range, droplet condensation occurs after the final throttling when the superheat ranges from 0 to 30 K. Furthermore, leakage decreases by 1.5 % to 1.7 % with every increment of 10 K in superheat. Higher rotating speeds alter the steam flow path due to wall drag, thereby reducing leakage. An optimal liquid mass fraction of 0.1 was found for two-phase operating conditions, resulting in a 3.6 % reduction in leakage and a 20 K decrease in outlet temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Refrigeration is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 183452902
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Two-phase flow characteristics and leakage in the shaft seal of steam screw expanders.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tian%2C+Yafen%22">Tian, Yafen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yftian_usst@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zebin%22">Wang, Zebin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zhixiang%22">Liu, Zhixiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Ziqi%22">Jiang, Ziqi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Zhaorui%22">Zhao, Zhaorui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Hua%22">Zhang, Hua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Refrigeration%22">International Journal of Refrigeration</searchLink>. Apr2025, Vol. 172, p214-227. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Two-phase+flow%22">Two-phase flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Isothermal+efficiency%22">Isothermal efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steam+flow%22">Steam flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Real+gases%22">Real gases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ideal+gases%22">Ideal gases</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • Using wet steam model to calculate two-phase flow process with phase change. • Errors are within 7.28 % between simulation and experiment results. • A study on operation parameters is conducted for flow features and seal leakage. • Higher superheat degree, rotation speed, and liquid mass fraction reduce leakage. Twin-screw expander is an efficient technology for steam pipeline pressure recovery applications. It operates at lower pressures than turbines and exhibits good performance with droplets. Leakage through the suction end face directly reduces the expander's volumetric efficiency, highlighting the significance of research on shaft seals. This study confirms that the Wet Steam Model is more accurate than the Ideal and Real Gas Models in reflecting the phase change phenomena and flow characteristics of steam after throttling. The effects of four key operating parameters were further investigated on the leakage and flow characteristics of the shaft seal, including suction pressure, superheat degree, rotating speed and liquid mass fraction. The results indicate that, within the specified pressure range, droplet condensation occurs after the final throttling when the superheat ranges from 0 to 30 K. Furthermore, leakage decreases by 1.5 % to 1.7 % with every increment of 10 K in superheat. Higher rotating speeds alter the steam flow path due to wall drag, thereby reducing leakage. An optimal liquid mass fraction of 0.1 was found for two-phase operating conditions, resulting in a 3.6 % reduction in leakage and a 20 K decrease in outlet temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Refrigeration is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.01.028
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 214
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Two-phase flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Isothermal efficiency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steam flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Real gases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ideal gases
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Two-phase flow characteristics and leakage in the shaft seal of steam screw expanders.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Tian, Yafen
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            NameFull: Wang, Zebin
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            NameFull: Liu, Zhixiang
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            NameFull: Jiang, Ziqi
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            NameFull: Zhao, Zhaorui
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            NameFull: Zhang, Hua
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 172
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Refrigeration
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