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Chemical equilibrium and liquid–liquid equilibrium in ternary mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol between 295 K and 348 K.

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Title: Chemical equilibrium and liquid–liquid equilibrium in ternary mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol between 295 K and 348 K.
Authors: Winklbauer, Lukas1 (AUTHOR), Burger, Jakob1 (AUTHOR) burger@tum.de
Source: Fluid Phase Equilibria. Jul2025, Vol. 594, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Chemical equilibrium, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Phase equilibrium, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Species distribution, Butanol, Isobutanol
Abstract: Mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol exhibit a ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium, as water and butanol are only partially miscible. In the present work, we study the chemical and liquid–liquid equilibria of the systems (formaldehyde + water + isobutanol) and (formaldehyde + water + n-butanol). The species distributions in the chemical equilibrium of both systems are measured between 298 K and 348 K using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium data are reported between 295 K and 324 K. The experimental data is used to develop a model of the reactive liquid–liquid equilibria for mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/n-butanol. • Research on the reactive LLE of mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol. • Chemical equilibrium of oligomer formation investigated between 298 K and 348 K using NMR spectroscopy. • Ternary LLE measurements between 295 K and 324 K. • Development of UNIFAC-based phase equilibrium model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Fluid Phase Equilibria is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Chemical equilibrium and liquid–liquid equilibrium in ternary mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol between 295 K and 348 K.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Winklbauer%2C+Lukas%22">Winklbauer, Lukas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burger%2C+Jakob%22">Burger, Jakob</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> burger@tum.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Fluid+Phase+Equilibria%22">Fluid Phase Equilibria</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 594, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+equilibrium%22">Chemical equilibrium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nuclear+magnetic+resonance%22">Nuclear magnetic resonance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+equilibrium%22">Phase equilibrium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy%22">Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Species+distribution%22">Species distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Butanol%22">Butanol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Isobutanol%22">Isobutanol</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol exhibit a ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium, as water and butanol are only partially miscible. In the present work, we study the chemical and liquid–liquid equilibria of the systems (formaldehyde + water + isobutanol) and (formaldehyde + water + n-butanol). The species distributions in the chemical equilibrium of both systems are measured between 298 K and 348 K using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium data are reported between 295 K and 324 K. The experimental data is used to develop a model of the reactive liquid–liquid equilibria for mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/n-butanol. • Research on the reactive LLE of mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol. • Chemical equilibrium of oligomer formation investigated between 298 K and 348 K using NMR spectroscopy. • Ternary LLE measurements between 295 K and 324 K. • Development of UNIFAC-based phase equilibrium model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Fluid Phase Equilibria is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.fluid.2025.114364
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Chemical equilibrium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nuclear magnetic resonance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase equilibrium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Species distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Butanol
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Isobutanol
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Chemical equilibrium and liquid–liquid equilibrium in ternary mixtures of formaldehyde, water, and isobutanol/ n-butanol between 295 K and 348 K.
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            NameFull: Winklbauer, Lukas
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            NameFull: Burger, Jakob
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 594
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            – TitleFull: Fluid Phase Equilibria
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