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Multi-property evaluation of low Cu content Fe-Cu magnetic alloys.

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Title: Multi-property evaluation of low Cu content Fe-Cu magnetic alloys.
Authors: Tan, Li Ping1 (AUTHOR), Davidson, Karl P.1,2 (AUTHOR), Cagirici, Mehmet3 (AUTHOR), Xu, Xuesong1,4 (AUTHOR), Padhy, Shakti P.1,3 (AUTHOR), Chaudhary, V.1,5 (AUTHOR) varunc@chalmers.se, Ramanujan, R.V.1 (AUTHOR) ramanujan@ntu.edu.sg
Source: Materials Research Bulletin. Jul2025, Vol. 187, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Magnetic alloys, Iron-copper alloys, Soft magnetic materials, Copper, Tensile strength
Abstract: • Low Cu (1 to 4 wt.%) Fe-Cu alloys studied for next generation materials. • Good M s & improved electrical resistivity obtained. • 2 techniques used for mechanical properties evaluation. • Doubling of yield strength with increase in Cu content, comparable with PIP results. • Fe-3Cu possessed balanced mechanical, electrical & magnetic properties. Next generation magnetic materials used in high frequency rotating electrical machines, e.g., motors, require a good balance of magnetic, electrical and mechanical properties. Pure Fe has good magnetic properties but has insufficient resistivity and strength. Adding Cu to Fe can improve resistivity and strength. In this work, Fe-xCu (x = 1 to 4 wt %) alloys were studied. The Cu content was restricted to a maximum of 4 wt % to minimize detrimental effects to the magnetic properties. The mechanical properties were investigated using profilometry-based indentation plastometry (PIP) and micro tensile tests. A desirable doubling of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength was observed with increasing Cu content, from 317 to 801 MPa and 417 to ∼888 MPa respectively in tensile tests. Microhardness correspondingly increased from ∼225.7 to ∼368.2 HV. There was a three-fold increase in resistivity to ∼ 28 to 30 µm.cm, as compared to Fe, while M s , H c and T c were in the range of 204 to 210.6 emu/g , 5.6 to 6.1 Oe and 758 to 762 °C, respectively. These alloys exhibit the desired good balance of magnetic, mechanical and electrical properties. Our results show that low Cu content Fe-Cu binary alloys are promising low-cost materials for next-generation electrical machines. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials Research Bulletin is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Multi-property evaluation of low Cu content Fe-Cu magnetic alloys.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Li+Ping%22">Tan, Li Ping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Davidson%2C+Karl+P%2E%22">Davidson, Karl P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cagirici%2C+Mehmet%22">Cagirici, Mehmet</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Xuesong%22">Xu, Xuesong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Padhy%2C+Shakti+P%2E%22">Padhy, Shakti P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chaudhary%2C+V%2E%22">Chaudhary, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> varunc@chalmers.se</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramanujan%2C+R%2EV%2E%22">Ramanujan, R.V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ramanujan@ntu.edu.sg</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+Research+Bulletin%22">Materials Research Bulletin</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 187, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+alloys%22">Magnetic alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Iron-copper+alloys%22">Iron-copper alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soft+magnetic+materials%22">Soft magnetic materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper%22">Copper</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensile+strength%22">Tensile strength</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: • Low Cu (1 to 4 wt.%) Fe-Cu alloys studied for next generation materials. • Good M s & improved electrical resistivity obtained. • 2 techniques used for mechanical properties evaluation. • Doubling of yield strength with increase in Cu content, comparable with PIP results. • Fe-3Cu possessed balanced mechanical, electrical & magnetic properties. Next generation magnetic materials used in high frequency rotating electrical machines, e.g., motors, require a good balance of magnetic, electrical and mechanical properties. Pure Fe has good magnetic properties but has insufficient resistivity and strength. Adding Cu to Fe can improve resistivity and strength. In this work, Fe-xCu (x = 1 to 4 wt %) alloys were studied. The Cu content was restricted to a maximum of 4 wt % to minimize detrimental effects to the magnetic properties. The mechanical properties were investigated using profilometry-based indentation plastometry (PIP) and micro tensile tests. A desirable doubling of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength was observed with increasing Cu content, from 317 to 801 MPa and 417 to ∼888 MPa respectively in tensile tests. Microhardness correspondingly increased from ∼225.7 to ∼368.2 HV. There was a three-fold increase in resistivity to ∼ 28 to 30 µm.cm, as compared to Fe, while M s , H c and T c were in the range of 204 to 210.6 emu/g , 5.6 to 6.1 Oe and 758 to 762 °C, respectively. These alloys exhibit the desired good balance of magnetic, mechanical and electrical properties. Our results show that low Cu content Fe-Cu binary alloys are promising low-cost materials for next-generation electrical machines. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials Research Bulletin is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113374
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Iron-copper alloys
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      – SubjectFull: Soft magnetic materials
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      – SubjectFull: Copper
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      – SubjectFull: Tensile strength
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      – TitleFull: Multi-property evaluation of low Cu content Fe-Cu magnetic alloys.
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            NameFull: Tan, Li Ping
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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