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Pore Water Freezing in Sandstone Considering Pore Structure Effects.

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Title: Pore Water Freezing in Sandstone Considering Pore Structure Effects.
Authors: Qiu, B.1 (AUTHOR), Fan, L. F.1 (AUTHOR) fanlifeng@bjut.edu.cn, Du, X. L.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering. Mar2025, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p3309-3329. 21p.
Subjects: Pore size distribution, Porosity, Pore water, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Low temperatures, Fractal dimensions
Abstract: This paper investigated the impacts of pore structure characteristics on pore water freezing of sandstone at low temperatures. Freeze–thaw cycles (from − 20.0 to 20.0 ℃) were conducted to change the pore structure of sandstone using two different freeze–thaw treatment methods. Multi-level freezing treatments (– 1.5 ℃, – 4.0 ℃, – 6.0 ℃, – 10.0 ℃, – 15.0 ℃ and – 20.0 ℃) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests were performed to study the evolution of unfrozen water content (UWC) of sandstone with temperature and analyze the evolution difference caused by pore sizes. The impacts of pore structure characteristics, such as porosity, pore size distribution and fractal dimension, on the UWC at different temperatures were discussed. Moreover, a prediction model based on porosity was proposed for estimating the frozen degree of pore water of sandstone at low temperatures. The results indicate that with decreasing temperature, the pore water in sandstone undergoes supercooling stage (0.0 to – 1.3 ℃), rapid freezing stage (– 1.3 to – 4.1 ℃) and slow freezing stage (– 4.1 to – 20.0 ℃). However, the pore water freezing is affected by pore sizes, with the UWC of micropores decreasing gradually with decreasing temperature, while that of minipores and mesopores first decreasing sharply and then remaining approximately constant. Interestingly, significant correlations are observed between UWC and parameters such as porosity, micropore content, mesopore content and fractal dimension, suggesting their potential in evaluating pore water freezing. Furthermore, the proposed model can effectively predict the frozen degree of pore water in sandstone at low temperatures with an acceptable error. Highlights: Pore water exhibits a three-stage freezing characteristic with decreasing temperature. Pore size leads to significant differences in freezing behavior of pore water. Pore structure characteristics of sandstone affect the frozen degree of pore water. Proposed model can predict the frozen degree of pore water in sandstone by porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Pore Water Freezing in Sandstone Considering Pore Structure Effects.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Rock+Mechanics+%26+Rock+Engineering%22">Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering</searchLink>. Mar2025, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p3309-3329. 21p.
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  Data: This paper investigated the impacts of pore structure characteristics on pore water freezing of sandstone at low temperatures. Freeze–thaw cycles (from − 20.0 to 20.0 ℃) were conducted to change the pore structure of sandstone using two different freeze–thaw treatment methods. Multi-level freezing treatments (– 1.5 ℃, – 4.0 ℃, – 6.0 ℃, – 10.0 ℃, – 15.0 ℃ and – 20.0 ℃) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests were performed to study the evolution of unfrozen water content (UWC) of sandstone with temperature and analyze the evolution difference caused by pore sizes. The impacts of pore structure characteristics, such as porosity, pore size distribution and fractal dimension, on the UWC at different temperatures were discussed. Moreover, a prediction model based on porosity was proposed for estimating the frozen degree of pore water of sandstone at low temperatures. The results indicate that with decreasing temperature, the pore water in sandstone undergoes supercooling stage (0.0 to – 1.3 ℃), rapid freezing stage (– 1.3 to – 4.1 ℃) and slow freezing stage (– 4.1 to – 20.0 ℃). However, the pore water freezing is affected by pore sizes, with the UWC of micropores decreasing gradually with decreasing temperature, while that of minipores and mesopores first decreasing sharply and then remaining approximately constant. Interestingly, significant correlations are observed between UWC and parameters such as porosity, micropore content, mesopore content and fractal dimension, suggesting their potential in evaluating pore water freezing. Furthermore, the proposed model can effectively predict the frozen degree of pore water in sandstone at low temperatures with an acceptable error. Highlights: Pore water exhibits a three-stage freezing characteristic with decreasing temperature. Pore size leads to significant differences in freezing behavior of pore water. Pore structure characteristics of sandstone affect the frozen degree of pore water. Proposed model can predict the frozen degree of pore water in sandstone by porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00603-024-04379-3
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 3309
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pore size distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Porosity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pore water
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nuclear magnetic resonance
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      – SubjectFull: Low temperatures
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      – SubjectFull: Fractal dimensions
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      – TitleFull: Pore Water Freezing in Sandstone Considering Pore Structure Effects.
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2025
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