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EPI proton resonant frequency temperature mapping at 0.5T in the brain: Comparison to single‐echo gradient recalled echo.

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Title: EPI proton resonant frequency temperature mapping at 0.5T in the brain: Comparison to single‐echo gradient recalled echo.
Authors: Martinez, Diego F.1 (AUTHOR) dmart62@uwo.ca, Wiens, Curtis N.2 (AUTHOR), Harris, Chad T.2 (AUTHOR), Handler, William B.1 (AUTHOR), Chronik, Blaine A.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Apr2025, Vol. 93 Issue 4, p1733-1740. 8p.
Subjects: Optical measurements, Magnetic resonance imaging, Temperature control, Temperature measurements, Brain mapping
Abstract: Purpose: Evaluate the use of both single‐echo gradient recalled echo (SE‐GRE) and EPI approaches to creating temperature maps on a mid‐field head‐only scanner, both in vivo and on a tissue mimicking gel. Methods: Three 2D protocols were investigated (an SE‐GRE, single‐shot EPI, and an averaged single‐shot EPI). The protocols used either a gradient recalled acquisition or an echo planar acquisition, with EPI parameters optimized for the longer T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ at lower field‐strengths. Phantom experiments were conducted to evaluate temperature tracking while cooling, comparing protocol to measurements from an optical fiber thermometer. Studies were performed on a 0.5T head only MR scanner. Temperature stability maps were produced in vivo for the various protocols to evaluate precision. Results: The use of an EPI protocol for thermometry improved temperature precision in a temperature control phantom and provided an 18% improvement in temperature measurement precision in vivo. Temperature tracking using a fast (<2 s) update rate EPI thermometry sequence provided a similar precision to the slower SE‐GRE protocol. Conclusion: While SE‐GRE PRF thermometry shows good performance, EPI methods offer improved tracking precision or update rate, making them a better option for thermometry in the brain at mid‐field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: EPI proton resonant frequency temperature mapping at 0.5T in the brain: Comparison to single‐echo gradient recalled echo.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Martinez%2C+Diego+F%2E%22&quot;&gt;Martinez, Diego F.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; dmart62@uwo.ca&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Wiens%2C+Curtis+N%2E%22&quot;&gt;Wiens, Curtis N.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Harris%2C+Chad+T%2E%22&quot;&gt;Harris, Chad T.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Handler%2C+William+B%2E%22&quot;&gt;Handler, William B.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chronik%2C+Blaine+A%2E%22&quot;&gt;Chronik, Blaine A.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22&quot;&gt;Magnetic Resonance in Medicine&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Apr2025, Vol. 93 Issue 4, p1733-1740. 8p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Optical+measurements%22&quot;&gt;Optical measurements&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22&quot;&gt;Magnetic resonance imaging&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Temperature+control%22&quot;&gt;Temperature control&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Temperature+measurements%22&quot;&gt;Temperature measurements&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Brain+mapping%22&quot;&gt;Brain mapping&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Purpose: Evaluate the use of both single‐echo gradient recalled echo (SE‐GRE) and EPI approaches to creating temperature maps on a mid‐field head‐only scanner, both in vivo and on a tissue mimicking gel. Methods: Three 2D protocols were investigated (an SE‐GRE, single‐shot EPI, and an averaged single‐shot EPI). The protocols used either a gradient recalled acquisition or an echo planar acquisition, with EPI parameters optimized for the longer T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ at lower field‐strengths. Phantom experiments were conducted to evaluate temperature tracking while cooling, comparing protocol to measurements from an optical fiber thermometer. Studies were performed on a 0.5T head only MR scanner. Temperature stability maps were produced in vivo for the various protocols to evaluate precision. Results: The use of an EPI protocol for thermometry improved temperature precision in a temperature control phantom and provided an 18% improvement in temperature measurement precision in vivo. Temperature tracking using a fast (&lt;2 s) update rate EPI thermometry sequence provided a similar precision to the slower SE‐GRE protocol. Conclusion: While SE‐GRE PRF thermometry shows good performance, EPI methods offer improved tracking precision or update rate, making them a better option for thermometry in the brain at mid‐field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.30373
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 1733
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Optical measurements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature measurements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain mapping
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: EPI proton resonant frequency temperature mapping at 0.5T in the brain: Comparison to single‐echo gradient recalled echo.
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            NameFull: Martinez, Diego F.
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            NameFull: Wiens, Curtis N.
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              M: 04
              Text: Apr2025
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              Y: 2025
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