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Interleaved flow‐sensitive dephasing (iFSD): Toward enhanced blood flow suppression and preserved T1 weighting and overall signals in 3D TSE‐based neuroimaging.

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Title: Interleaved flow‐sensitive dephasing (iFSD): Toward enhanced blood flow suppression and preserved T1 weighting and overall signals in 3D TSE‐based neuroimaging.
Authors: Kong, Qingle1 (AUTHOR), Xiao, Jiayu1 (AUTHOR), Shiroishi, Mark S.1 (AUTHOR), Sheikh‐Bahaei, Nasim1 (AUTHOR), Cen, Steven Y.1 (AUTHOR), Khatibi, Kasra2 (AUTHOR), Mack, William J.2 (AUTHOR), Ye, Jason C.3 (AUTHOR), Kim, Paul E.1 (AUTHOR), Bi, Xiaoming4 (AUTHOR), Saloner, David5 (AUTHOR), Yang, Qi6 (AUTHOR), Chang, Eric3 (AUTHOR), Fan, Zhaoyang1,3,7 (AUTHOR) zhaoyang.fan@med.usc.edu
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. May2025, Vol. 93 Issue 5, p1911-1923. 13p.
Subjects: Brain metastasis, Blood flow, Neurovascular diseases, White matter (Nerve tissue), Brain diseases
Abstract: Purpose: To develop and validate a 3D turbo spin‐echo (TSE)–compatible approach to enhancing black‐blood (BB) effects while preserving T1 weighting and overall SNR. Methods: Following the excitation RF pulse, a 180° RF pulse sandwiched by a pair of flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD) gradient pulses in the phase‐ (y) and partition‐encoding (z) directions, respectively, is added. The polarity of FSD gradients in z direction is toggled every TR, achieving an interleaved FSD (iFSD) configuration in y–z plane. The technique was optimized and evaluated in 18 healthy volunteers and 32 patients with neurovascular disease or brain metastases. Comparisons were made among TSE with and without one of BB preparations: iFSD, delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation, and motion‐sensitized driven equilibrium. Results: iFSD–TSE achieved the best blood flow suppression indicated by venous sinus SNR and parenchyma‐to‐sinus contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). iFSD–TSE yielded slightly lower white matter SNR (106.6 ± 32.9) and white‐to‐gray matter CNR (27.3 ± 8.1) compared to TSE (111.4 ± 31.5 and 28.6 ± 8.8), which were significantly higher than those of delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation–prepared TSE (84.3 ± 25.0 and 16.8 ± 4.8) and motion‐sensitized driven equilibrium–prepared TSE (77.3 ± 26.6 and 15.9 ± 5.3). At the neurovascular wall lesions, iFSD–TSE yielded the highest wall‐to‐lumen CNR among the three sequences with a BB preparation, all of which significantly outperformed TSE. iFSD–TSE effectively suppressed slow‐flow artifacts that otherwise mimicked an atherosclerotic lesion or strongly contrast‐enhancing vessel wall. In diagnosing brain metastases, iFSD allowed for highest inter‐reader agreement (κ 0.75) and shortest reading time. Conclusion: iFSD is a promising approach compatible with 3D TSE for robust blood flow suppression and preserved T1 weighting and overall SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Interleaved flow‐sensitive dephasing (iFSD): Toward enhanced blood flow suppression and preserved T<subscript>1</subscript> weighting and overall signals in 3D TSE‐based neuroimaging.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 93 Issue 5, p1911-1923. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+metastasis%22">Brain metastasis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+flow%22">Blood flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurovascular+diseases%22">Neurovascular diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+matter+%28Nerve+tissue%29%22">White matter (Nerve tissue)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+diseases%22">Brain diseases</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: To develop and validate a 3D turbo spin‐echo (TSE)–compatible approach to enhancing black‐blood (BB) effects while preserving T1 weighting and overall SNR. Methods: Following the excitation RF pulse, a 180° RF pulse sandwiched by a pair of flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD) gradient pulses in the phase‐ (y) and partition‐encoding (z) directions, respectively, is added. The polarity of FSD gradients in z direction is toggled every TR, achieving an interleaved FSD (iFSD) configuration in y–z plane. The technique was optimized and evaluated in 18 healthy volunteers and 32 patients with neurovascular disease or brain metastases. Comparisons were made among TSE with and without one of BB preparations: iFSD, delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation, and motion‐sensitized driven equilibrium. Results: iFSD–TSE achieved the best blood flow suppression indicated by venous sinus SNR and parenchyma‐to‐sinus contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). iFSD–TSE yielded slightly lower white matter SNR (106.6 ± 32.9) and white‐to‐gray matter CNR (27.3 ± 8.1) compared to TSE (111.4 ± 31.5 and 28.6 ± 8.8), which were significantly higher than those of delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation–prepared TSE (84.3 ± 25.0 and 16.8 ± 4.8) and motion‐sensitized driven equilibrium–prepared TSE (77.3 ± 26.6 and 15.9 ± 5.3). At the neurovascular wall lesions, iFSD–TSE yielded the highest wall‐to‐lumen CNR among the three sequences with a BB preparation, all of which significantly outperformed TSE. iFSD–TSE effectively suppressed slow‐flow artifacts that otherwise mimicked an atherosclerotic lesion or strongly contrast‐enhancing vessel wall. In diagnosing brain metastases, iFSD allowed for highest inter‐reader agreement (κ 0.75) and shortest reading time. Conclusion: iFSD is a promising approach compatible with 3D TSE for robust blood flow suppression and preserved T1 weighting and overall SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.30391
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Brain metastasis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blood flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neurovascular diseases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: White matter (Nerve tissue)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain diseases
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      – TitleFull: Interleaved flow‐sensitive dephasing (iFSD): Toward enhanced blood flow suppression and preserved T1 weighting and overall signals in 3D TSE‐based neuroimaging.
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              M: 05
              Text: May2025
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