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The Impact of Hybrid Flame Retardant Compositions on the Performance of Foamed Flexible Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites.

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Title: The Impact of Hybrid Flame Retardant Compositions on the Performance of Foamed Flexible Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites.
Authors: Kosmela, Paulina1 (AUTHOR), Olszewski, Adam1 (AUTHOR), Barczewski, Mateusz2 (AUTHOR), Piasecki, Adam3 (AUTHOR), Hejna, Aleksander1,2 (AUTHOR) aleksander.hejna@put.poznan.pl
Source: Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance. Mar2025, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p4203-4216. 14p.
Subjects: Filler materials, Performance of tires, Automobile tires, Fireproofing agents, Urethane foam, Flammability
Abstract: Current sustainability-oriented trends affect polyurethane (PU) materials and stimulate the incorporation of recycled or waste-based materials as fillers. Ground tire rubber (GTR) poses as an auspicious candidate due to the excellent performance of car tires. Despite the benefits related to the mechanical performance, it contributes to the increasing flammability of the resulting composites. Herein, presented work assessed the impact of hybrid flame retardant (FR) combinations of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or melamine cyanurate (MC) with organophosphorus compounds on the performance of foamed flexible PU/GTR composites. Such works are of vital importance, because matching to the needs of material with the mode of action of particular FRs is quite challenging. Except for the flammability reduction, they also affect structure and performance of composites. Fire resistance was enhanced for all applied FRs compositions; however, APP was found more effective than MC due to the efficient formation of protective char layer. Moreover, introduction of MC induced heterogeneity of cellular structure and excessive stiffening of PU structure, which increased its friability and cells' coalescence, deteriorating thermal insulation performance and damping ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Current sustainability-oriented trends affect polyurethane (PU) materials and stimulate the incorporation of recycled or waste-based materials as fillers. Ground tire rubber (GTR) poses as an auspicious candidate due to the excellent performance of car tires. Despite the benefits related to the mechanical performance, it contributes to the increasing flammability of the resulting composites. Herein, presented work assessed the impact of hybrid flame retardant (FR) combinations of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or melamine cyanurate (MC) with organophosphorus compounds on the performance of foamed flexible PU/GTR composites. Such works are of vital importance, because matching to the needs of material with the mode of action of particular FRs is quite challenging. Except for the flammability reduction, they also affect structure and performance of composites. Fire resistance was enhanced for all applied FRs compositions; however, APP was found more effective than MC due to the efficient formation of protective char layer. Moreover, introduction of MC induced heterogeneity of cellular structure and excessive stiffening of PU structure, which increased its friability and cells' coalescence, deteriorating thermal insulation performance and damping ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10599495
DOI:10.1007/s11665-024-09362-1