View in EDS HTML Full Text PDF Full Text

Analysis of Typical Inclusion Evolution and Formation Mechanism in the Smelting Process of W350 Non-Oriented Silicon Steel.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Analysis of Typical Inclusion Evolution and Formation Mechanism in the Smelting Process of W350 Non-Oriented Silicon Steel.
Authors: Shi, Jiagui1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Libin1 (AUTHOR) libyangz@126.com, Peng, Bowen1 (AUTHOR), Wei, Guoqiang1 (AUTHOR), Yuan, Yibo1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Mar2025, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p1188. 19p.
Subjects: Silicon steel, Liquidus temperature, Steel analysis, Manganous sulfide, Smelting
Abstract: The production of silicon steel involves complex metallurgical processes, where the kind, composition, size, and quantity of the inclusions generated affect the silicon steel properties. This article is based on the smelting process for W350 non-oriented silicon steel produced by a certain factory. By systematically sampling, at key nodes of the converter–RH refining–tundish smelting process, the change in cleanliness of molten steel in the whole smelting process, the evolution of typical inclusions, and the transformation rules for the precipitated phase were analyzed by means of SEM-EDS, ASPEX, and Thermal-Calc. The results indicate that the total oxygen mass fraction in the steel decreases by more than 95% after deoxidation alloying, and the average oxygen mass fraction in the RH outbound steel is 0.0012%. While the nitrogen mass fraction shows a rising trend as a whole, the average nitrogen mass fraction in the tundish steel reaches approximately 0.0014%. Before RH refining, large Al2O3–CaO–SiO2 and Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO composite inclusions are the main inclusions. MnO and Al2O3–SiO2–MnO inclusions are the main inclusions after RH inlet and RH decarburization. After RH deoxidation with aluminum, the inclusions were almost entirely transformed into Al2O3 inclusions. After RH alloying, with the content of Si and Mn increased, the inclusions transformed into Al2O3–SiO2–MnO inclusions. The number of inclusions from RH desulfurization to the RH outbound stage declined significantly, and composite inclusions containing CaS and precipitates such as AlN and MnS began to appear. The inclusions' main types were Al2O3–MgO–CaS, AlN–MnS, AlN, and Al2O3–MgO. The inclusions inside the tundish were the same, but the numbers were slightly increased due to the secondary oxidation of molten steel. More than 80% of the oxide inclusions in the whole process were between 1 μm and 5 μm in size. The average size and the number of inclusions per unit area reached 5.45 μm and 63.1 per mm2, respectively, after RH deoxidation, and respectively decreased to 3.71 μm and 1.9 per mm2 during the RH outbound stage, but both increased slightly in the tundish. Thermodynamic calculation shows that Al2O3–MgO inclusions are formed when w([Mg]) > 0.0033% in molten steel at 1873 K. Under the actual temperature of 1828K and w([Al]s) = 0.6515%, the range of w([Mg]) corresponding to the stable existence of Al2O3–MgO is between 0.0053% and 0.1676%. The liquidus temperature of W350 non-oriented silicon steel is 1489 °C. MnS and AlN inclusions are precipitated successively with the solidification of molten steel, and the precipitation temperatures are 1460.7 °C and 1422.2 °C, respectively. As the temperature decreases, the sequence of inclusion precipitation calculated in liquid was as follows: Al2O3–CaO → 2Al2O3–CaO + MnS → 6Al2O3–CaO → Al2O3 + AlN + MnS + CaS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
Full text is not displayed to guests.
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 1
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 184099365
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Analysis of Typical Inclusion Evolution and Formation Mechanism in the Smelting Process of W350 Non-Oriented Silicon Steel.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Jiagui%22">Shi, Jiagui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Libin%22">Yang, Libin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> libyangz@126.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Bowen%22">Peng, Bowen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Guoqiang%22">Wei, Guoqiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuan%2C+Yibo%22">Yuan, Yibo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Mar2025, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p1188. 19p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silicon+steel%22">Silicon steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquidus+temperature%22">Liquidus temperature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel+analysis%22">Steel analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manganous+sulfide%22">Manganous sulfide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smelting%22">Smelting</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The production of silicon steel involves complex metallurgical processes, where the kind, composition, size, and quantity of the inclusions generated affect the silicon steel properties. This article is based on the smelting process for W350 non-oriented silicon steel produced by a certain factory. By systematically sampling, at key nodes of the converter–RH refining–tundish smelting process, the change in cleanliness of molten steel in the whole smelting process, the evolution of typical inclusions, and the transformation rules for the precipitated phase were analyzed by means of SEM-EDS, ASPEX, and Thermal-Calc. The results indicate that the total oxygen mass fraction in the steel decreases by more than 95% after deoxidation alloying, and the average oxygen mass fraction in the RH outbound steel is 0.0012%. While the nitrogen mass fraction shows a rising trend as a whole, the average nitrogen mass fraction in the tundish steel reaches approximately 0.0014%. Before RH refining, large Al2O3–CaO–SiO2 and Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO composite inclusions are the main inclusions. MnO and Al2O3–SiO2–MnO inclusions are the main inclusions after RH inlet and RH decarburization. After RH deoxidation with aluminum, the inclusions were almost entirely transformed into Al2O3 inclusions. After RH alloying, with the content of Si and Mn increased, the inclusions transformed into Al2O3–SiO2–MnO inclusions. The number of inclusions from RH desulfurization to the RH outbound stage declined significantly, and composite inclusions containing CaS and precipitates such as AlN and MnS began to appear. The inclusions' main types were Al2O3–MgO–CaS, AlN–MnS, AlN, and Al2O3–MgO. The inclusions inside the tundish were the same, but the numbers were slightly increased due to the secondary oxidation of molten steel. More than 80% of the oxide inclusions in the whole process were between 1 μm and 5 μm in size. The average size and the number of inclusions per unit area reached 5.45 μm and 63.1 per mm2, respectively, after RH deoxidation, and respectively decreased to 3.71 μm and 1.9 per mm2 during the RH outbound stage, but both increased slightly in the tundish. Thermodynamic calculation shows that Al2O3–MgO inclusions are formed when w([Mg]) > 0.0033% in molten steel at 1873 K. Under the actual temperature of 1828K and w([Al]s) = 0.6515%, the range of w([Mg]) corresponding to the stable existence of Al2O3–MgO is between 0.0053% and 0.1676%. The liquidus temperature of W350 non-oriented silicon steel is 1489 °C. MnS and AlN inclusions are precipitated successively with the solidification of molten steel, and the precipitation temperatures are 1460.7 °C and 1422.2 °C, respectively. As the temperature decreases, the sequence of inclusion precipitation calculated in liquid was as follows: Al2O3–CaO → 2Al2O3–CaO + MnS → 6Al2O3–CaO → Al2O3 + AlN + MnS + CaS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=184099365
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma18061188
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 1188
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Silicon steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Liquidus temperature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manganous sulfide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Smelting
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Analysis of Typical Inclusion Evolution and Formation Mechanism in the Smelting Process of W350 Non-Oriented Silicon Steel.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shi, Jiagui
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yang, Libin
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Peng, Bowen
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wei, Guoqiang
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yuan, Yibo
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961944
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 18
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
              Type: main
ResultId 1