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Metabolomic study of marketable and unmarketable chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) classified by the fruit size and shape.

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Title: Metabolomic study of marketable and unmarketable chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) classified by the fruit size and shape.
Authors: Kim, Won-Ryeol1 (AUTHOR), Thiruvengadam, Muthu1 (AUTHOR), Kim, Seung-Hyun1 (AUTHOR) kshkim@konkuk.ac.kr
Source: Food Chemistry. Jul2025, Vol. 480, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Capsicum annuum, Nutritional value, Vitamin C, Phenolic acids, Fruit
Abstract: Research on appearance and nutritional value of peppers is limited. Therefore, we compared nutritional metabolites in marketable and unmarketable red/green chili peppers. Unmarketable peppers were categorized as UM1 (curved-shaped), UM2 (small-sized), and UM3 (curved, small) referring international standards. Most metabolites in unmarketable peppers were comparable to those in marketable for both colors. Metabolites like capsaicinoids, vitamin C, and phenolics in UM1 were similar to those in marketable peppers. Targeted phenolic acids sum was at least six-fold higher in green UM2 and UM3 than in marketable. Besides, capsaicinoids of three- to five-fold and α-tocopherol of ∼30 % higher contents were found in red UM2 and UM3 compared to in their marketable. Therefore, pepper size can be considered a more crucial determining factor of nutritional value rather than curvature, possibly making unmarketable peppers potential nutrient sources. These results enhance nutritional understanding of unmarketable peppers and contribute to improving the perception of unmarketable produce. • Unmarketable produce has comparable nutritional value with marketable produce. • Small-sized chili peppers had higher capsaicinoid content than normal peppers. • Nutritional value of chili peppers is influenced more by size than curvature. • Small-sized unmarketable produce showed higher DPPH activity than marketable ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Food Chemistry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 184434572
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Metabolomic study of marketable and unmarketable chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) classified by the fruit size and shape.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Won-Ryeol%22">Kim, Won-Ryeol</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thiruvengadam%2C+Muthu%22">Thiruvengadam, Muthu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Seung-Hyun%22">Kim, Seung-Hyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kshkim@konkuk.ac.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Food+Chemistry%22">Food Chemistry</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 480, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Capsicum+annuum%22">Capsicum annuum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nutritional+value%22">Nutritional value</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vitamin+C%22">Vitamin C</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenolic+acids%22">Phenolic acids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fruit%22">Fruit</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Research on appearance and nutritional value of peppers is limited. Therefore, we compared nutritional metabolites in marketable and unmarketable red/green chili peppers. Unmarketable peppers were categorized as UM1 (curved-shaped), UM2 (small-sized), and UM3 (curved, small) referring international standards. Most metabolites in unmarketable peppers were comparable to those in marketable for both colors. Metabolites like capsaicinoids, vitamin C, and phenolics in UM1 were similar to those in marketable peppers. Targeted phenolic acids sum was at least six-fold higher in green UM2 and UM3 than in marketable. Besides, capsaicinoids of three- to five-fold and α-tocopherol of ∼30 % higher contents were found in red UM2 and UM3 compared to in their marketable. Therefore, pepper size can be considered a more crucial determining factor of nutritional value rather than curvature, possibly making unmarketable peppers potential nutrient sources. These results enhance nutritional understanding of unmarketable peppers and contribute to improving the perception of unmarketable produce. • Unmarketable produce has comparable nutritional value with marketable produce. • Small-sized chili peppers had higher capsaicinoid content than normal peppers. • Nutritional value of chili peppers is influenced more by size than curvature. • Small-sized unmarketable produce showed higher DPPH activity than marketable ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Food Chemistry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143897
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
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      – SubjectFull: Capsicum annuum
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nutritional value
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vitamin C
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phenolic acids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fruit
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Metabolomic study of marketable and unmarketable chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) classified by the fruit size and shape.
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            NameFull: Kim, Won-Ryeol
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            NameFull: Thiruvengadam, Muthu
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            NameFull: Kim, Seung-Hyun
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          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 480
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            – TitleFull: Food Chemistry
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