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Evaluation of the Accuracy and Trend Consistency of Hourly Surface Solar Radiation Datasets of ERA5, MERRA-2, SARAH-E, CERES, and Solcast over China.

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Title: Evaluation of the Accuracy and Trend Consistency of Hourly Surface Solar Radiation Datasets of ERA5, MERRA-2, SARAH-E, CERES, and Solcast over China.
Authors: Wang, Han1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yawen1 (AUTHOR) wangyawen@ouc.edu.cn
Source: Remote Sensing. Apr2025, Vol. 17 Issue 7, p1317. 17p.
Subjects: Solar surface, Solar radiation, Solar energy, Clean energy, Potential energy
Abstract: The global ambition to achieve carbon neutrality by the mid-21st century is driving a transition towards clean energy. Accurately assessing solar energy potential necessitates high-quality observations of hourly surface solar radiation (SSR). The performance of hourly SSR data from two reanalysis products (ERA5 and MERRA-2) and three satellite-derived products (CERES, SARAH-E, and Solcast) is validated against 22 years of continuous surface observations over 96 stations across China. The accuracy (in %) and trend consistency (in % decade−1) of estimates from gridded products in reproducing the diurnal cycle and trend of SSR are generally lower at sunrise and sunset than at noon, and they are also reduced in the cold season (October to next March) compared with the warm season (April to September). Regionally, accuracy is generally lower in the southwestern plateau region, and the trend consistency of most products is lowest in the rugged and cloudy southern part of China. Among the evaluated datasets, Solcast and MERRA-2 exhibit the highest accuracy and trend consistency in capturing the diurnal pattern of SSR, respectively, while CERES demonstrates the best overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evaluation of the Accuracy and Trend Consistency of Hourly Surface Solar Radiation Datasets of ERA5, MERRA-2, SARAH-E, CERES, and Solcast over China.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Han%22">Wang, Han</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yawen%22">Wang, Yawen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangyawen@ouc.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Apr2025, Vol. 17 Issue 7, p1317. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+surface%22">Solar surface</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+radiation%22">Solar radiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+energy%22">Solar energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Potential+energy%22">Potential energy</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The global ambition to achieve carbon neutrality by the mid-21st century is driving a transition towards clean energy. Accurately assessing solar energy potential necessitates high-quality observations of hourly surface solar radiation (SSR). The performance of hourly SSR data from two reanalysis products (ERA5 and MERRA-2) and three satellite-derived products (CERES, SARAH-E, and Solcast) is validated against 22 years of continuous surface observations over 96 stations across China. The accuracy (in %) and trend consistency (in % decade−1) of estimates from gridded products in reproducing the diurnal cycle and trend of SSR are generally lower at sunrise and sunset than at noon, and they are also reduced in the cold season (October to next March) compared with the warm season (April to September). Regionally, accuracy is generally lower in the southwestern plateau region, and the trend consistency of most products is lowest in the rugged and cloudy southern part of China. Among the evaluated datasets, Solcast and MERRA-2 exhibit the highest accuracy and trend consistency in capturing the diurnal pattern of SSR, respectively, while CERES demonstrates the best overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs17071317
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Solar surface
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar radiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar energy
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      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
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      – SubjectFull: Potential energy
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      – TitleFull: Evaluation of the Accuracy and Trend Consistency of Hourly Surface Solar Radiation Datasets of ERA5, MERRA-2, SARAH-E, CERES, and Solcast over China.
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              Text: Apr2025
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              Y: 2025
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