View in EDS HTML Full Text PDF Full Text

Experimental biomechanical investigation of surrogate headforms equipped with Patka helmet against high-velocity ballistic impact.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Experimental biomechanical investigation of surrogate headforms equipped with Patka helmet against high-velocity ballistic impact.
Authors: Harmukh, Atul1 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Praveen1 (AUTHOR), Verma, Sanjeev K.2 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Pal Dinesh2 (AUTHOR), Ganpule, Shailesh1,3 (AUTHOR) ganpule@me.iitr.ac.in
Source: Mechanics Based Design of Structures & Machines. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p3434-3450. 17p.
Subjects: Linear acceleration, Angular acceleration, Angular velocity, Brain injuries, Torque
Abstract: High-velocity bullet impact (velocity: 700 ± 15 m/s) is a significant concern during asymmetric warfare. Ballistic helmets for high-velocity bullet impact and associated biomechanical responses of the headforms are actively sought. Further, data on the performance of ballistic helmets against high-velocity impact are not available in the literature. Toward this end, we have evaluated the performance of Patka (helmet) against high-velocity bullet impact. Patka was mounted on various headforms to assess the perforation of the Patka by the bullet and to measure various biomechanical parameters such as back face deformation (BFD), head kinematics, brain simulant pressures, and neck loads. Bullet impact in front and oblique (30° right to the sagittal axis) orientations were considered. Our results suggest that the Patka was effective in mitigating the high-velocity bullet impact. Perforation of the Patka by the bullet was not observed. BFD in the witness material was negligible (<1 mm). Measured head kinematics and brain simulant pressures were comparable to the quantities typically reported during low- and medium-velocity bullet impacts. Further, most of the biomechanical responses, except angular acceleration and neck force, were below 50% injury risk for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Despite these encouraging trends, the shattering of bullets into fragments was also observed. These fragments traveled a considerable distance at reasonable velocities. This work provides unique insights regarding the performance of Patka and associated biomechanical responses of the headforms against high-velocity bullet impact, with implications in the design and evaluation of futuristic ballistic helmets. TERMINOLOGIES: Ballistic threat level: Ballistic threat levels are defined based on the impact velocity of the bullet. Different types of bullets are proposed to achieve the desired impact velocities corresponding to different ballistic threat levels. Ballistic helmet: Ballistic helmet is a type of protective headgear designed to protect the wearer head from potentially fatal impacts during combat operations. Ballistic performance: Ballistic performance of the helmet is evaluated based on the perforation resistance capacity of the helmet and back face deformation (BFD) of the helmet. Back face deformation (BFD): Back face deformation (BFD) of the helmet refers to the localized dent or bulge in the inner layer of the helmet due to ballistic impact. BFD is measured as a depth of indent in the witness material (e.g., Roma Plastilina #1 clay) of the cruciform cavity-based headform. Headform: Headform is a model of the human head replicating a few of the anatomical and material aspects. Headforms can vary in design and complexity based on the intended applications. Patka: Patka is a protective headgear designed to provide ballistic protection to the head against high-velocity threat (impact velocity: 700 ± 15 m/s). Patka is made up of hardened (armour) steel material. Head kinematics: Head kinematics refers to the motion of the head typically measured in terms of linear acceleration and angular velocity. Neck loads: Neck loads refer to the forces and moments experienced by the neck during a static or dynamic event. Brain simulant pressure: Brain simulant pressure is a hydrodynamic pressure generated within the brain simulant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Mechanics Based Design of Structures & Machines is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
Full text is not displayed to guests.
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 1
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 184650819
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Experimental biomechanical investigation of surrogate headforms equipped with Patka helmet against high-velocity ballistic impact.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Harmukh%2C+Atul%22&quot;&gt;Harmukh, Atul&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kumar%2C+Praveen%22&quot;&gt;Kumar, Praveen&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Verma%2C+Sanjeev+K%2E%22&quot;&gt;Verma, Sanjeev K.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kumar%2C+Pal+Dinesh%22&quot;&gt;Kumar, Pal Dinesh&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ganpule%2C+Shailesh%22&quot;&gt;Ganpule, Shailesh&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; ganpule@me.iitr.ac.in&lt;/i&gt;
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Mechanics+Based+Design+of+Structures+%26+Machines%22&quot;&gt;Mechanics Based Design of Structures &amp; Machines&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p3434-3450. 17p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Linear+acceleration%22&quot;&gt;Linear acceleration&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Angular+acceleration%22&quot;&gt;Angular acceleration&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Angular+velocity%22&quot;&gt;Angular velocity&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Brain+injuries%22&quot;&gt;Brain injuries&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Torque%22&quot;&gt;Torque&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: High-velocity bullet impact (velocity: 700 &#177; 15 m/s) is a significant concern during asymmetric warfare. Ballistic helmets for high-velocity bullet impact and associated biomechanical responses of the headforms are actively sought. Further, data on the performance of ballistic helmets against high-velocity impact are not available in the literature. Toward this end, we have evaluated the performance of Patka (helmet) against high-velocity bullet impact. Patka was mounted on various headforms to assess the perforation of the Patka by the bullet and to measure various biomechanical parameters such as back face deformation (BFD), head kinematics, brain simulant pressures, and neck loads. Bullet impact in front and oblique (30&#176; right to the sagittal axis) orientations were considered. Our results suggest that the Patka was effective in mitigating the high-velocity bullet impact. Perforation of the Patka by the bullet was not observed. BFD in the witness material was negligible (&lt;1 mm). Measured head kinematics and brain simulant pressures were comparable to the quantities typically reported during low- and medium-velocity bullet impacts. Further, most of the biomechanical responses, except angular acceleration and neck force, were below 50% injury risk for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Despite these encouraging trends, the shattering of bullets into fragments was also observed. These fragments traveled a considerable distance at reasonable velocities. This work provides unique insights regarding the performance of Patka and associated biomechanical responses of the headforms against high-velocity bullet impact, with implications in the design and evaluation of futuristic ballistic helmets. TERMINOLOGIES: Ballistic threat level: Ballistic threat levels are defined based on the impact velocity of the bullet. Different types of bullets are proposed to achieve the desired impact velocities corresponding to different ballistic threat levels. Ballistic helmet: Ballistic helmet is a type of protective headgear designed to protect the wearer head from potentially fatal impacts during combat operations. Ballistic performance: Ballistic performance of the helmet is evaluated based on the perforation resistance capacity of the helmet and back face deformation (BFD) of the helmet. Back face deformation (BFD): Back face deformation (BFD) of the helmet refers to the localized dent or bulge in the inner layer of the helmet due to ballistic impact. BFD is measured as a depth of indent in the witness material (e.g., Roma Plastilina #1 clay) of the cruciform cavity-based headform. Headform: Headform is a model of the human head replicating a few of the anatomical and material aspects. Headforms can vary in design and complexity based on the intended applications. Patka: Patka is a protective headgear designed to provide ballistic protection to the head against high-velocity threat (impact velocity: 700 &#177; 15 m/s). Patka is made up of hardened (armour) steel material. Head kinematics: Head kinematics refers to the motion of the head typically measured in terms of linear acceleration and angular velocity. Neck loads: Neck loads refer to the forces and moments experienced by the neck during a static or dynamic event. Brain simulant pressure: Brain simulant pressure is a hydrodynamic pressure generated within the brain simulant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Mechanics Based Design of Structures &amp; Machines is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=184650819
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/15397734.2024.2428752
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 3434
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Linear acceleration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Angular acceleration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Angular velocity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Torque
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental biomechanical investigation of surrogate headforms equipped with Patka helmet against high-velocity ballistic impact.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Harmukh, Atul
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kumar, Praveen
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Verma, Sanjeev K.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kumar, Pal Dinesh
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ganpule, Shailesh
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: 2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 15397734
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 53
            – Type: issue
              Value: 5
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Mechanics Based Design of Structures & Machines
              Type: main
ResultId 1