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Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oxidation Behavior of Cerium in High‐Speed Steel during Electroslag Remelting.

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Title: Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oxidation Behavior of Cerium in High‐Speed Steel during Electroslag Remelting.
Authors: Zhu, Junlin1,2 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Dingli1,2 (AUTHOR) dinglizheng@wust.edu.cn, Liu, Mengke1,2 (AUTHOR) liumengke@wust.edu.cn, Ma, Guojun1,2 (AUTHOR) gma@wust.edu.cn, Li, Jing3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xiang1,2 (AUTHOR), Wei, Xingwen4 (AUTHOR), Volkova, Olena4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Steel Research International. May2025, Vol. 96 Issue 5, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: Cerium, Steel analysis, Behavioral assessment, Aluminum oxide, Slag
Abstract: Cerium loss is difficult to be avoided during the electroslag remelting (ESR) process. To reduce the cerium loss in high‐speed steel during the ESR process, the present study investigates the thermodynamics of cerium oxidation in cerium‐containing high‐speed steel based on the thermodynamic calculation and laboratory‐scale steel–slag reaction experiments. The results show that the reactions between [Ce] and (Al2O3), as well as [Ce] and (MgO) contribute to the cerium loss in the steel. Increasing the contents of CaF2 and MgO in the slag, the activities of Al2O3 and Ce2O3 show a slightly decreasing trend. The addition of CaO and Ce2O3 significantly reduces the Al2O3 activity but enhances the Ce2O3 activity. MgO activity shows an insignificant change with the contents of CaO and Ce2O3, while it decreases with adding Al2O3 and CaF2. Reducing Al2O3 content and enhancing Ce2O3 content in the slag are feasible to increase the cerium yield in the steel. With increasing Al2O3 content from 16.93 to 26.92 wt%, the cerium yield decreases from 8.4% to 6.0%. Increasing Ce2O3 content from 3.98 to 11.01 wt% enhances the cerium yield from 6.0% to 16.9%. The actual soluble Ce content in equilibrium with slag is almost less than 0.001 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Steel Research International is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oxidation Behavior of Cerium in High‐Speed Steel during Electroslag Remelting.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Junlin%22">Zhu, Junlin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Dingli%22">Zheng, Dingli</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dinglizheng@wust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Mengke%22">Liu, Mengke</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liumengke@wust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Guojun%22">Ma, Guojun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gma@wust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jing%22">Li, Jing</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xiang%22">Zhang, Xiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Xingwen%22">Wei, Xingwen</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Volkova%2C+Olena%22">Volkova, Olena</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Steel+Research+International%22">Steel Research International</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 96 Issue 5, p1-10. 10p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerium%22">Cerium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel+analysis%22">Steel analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavioral+assessment%22">Behavioral assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aluminum+oxide%22">Aluminum oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Slag%22">Slag</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Cerium loss is difficult to be avoided during the electroslag remelting (ESR) process. To reduce the cerium loss in high‐speed steel during the ESR process, the present study investigates the thermodynamics of cerium oxidation in cerium‐containing high‐speed steel based on the thermodynamic calculation and laboratory‐scale steel–slag reaction experiments. The results show that the reactions between [Ce] and (Al2O3), as well as [Ce] and (MgO) contribute to the cerium loss in the steel. Increasing the contents of CaF2 and MgO in the slag, the activities of Al2O3 and Ce2O3 show a slightly decreasing trend. The addition of CaO and Ce2O3 significantly reduces the Al2O3 activity but enhances the Ce2O3 activity. MgO activity shows an insignificant change with the contents of CaO and Ce2O3, while it decreases with adding Al2O3 and CaF2. Reducing Al2O3 content and enhancing Ce2O3 content in the slag are feasible to increase the cerium yield in the steel. With increasing Al2O3 content from 16.93 to 26.92 wt%, the cerium yield decreases from 8.4% to 6.0%. Increasing Ce2O3 content from 3.98 to 11.01 wt% enhances the cerium yield from 6.0% to 16.9%. The actual soluble Ce content in equilibrium with slag is almost less than 0.001 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Steel Research International is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/srin.202300824
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cerium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavioral assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aluminum oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Slag
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oxidation Behavior of Cerium in High‐Speed Steel during Electroslag Remelting.
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            NameFull: Zhu, Junlin
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            NameFull: Zheng, Dingli
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            NameFull: Liu, Mengke
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            NameFull: Ma, Guojun
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            NameFull: Li, Jing
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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