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Adding higher-level semantics to Functional Mock-up Units for easier, faster, and more robust co-simulation connections.

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Title: Adding higher-level semantics to Functional Mock-up Units for easier, faster, and more robust co-simulation connections.
Authors: Rindarøy, Martin1 (AUTHOR), Nordahl, Håvard1 (AUTHOR), Sadjina, Severin2 (AUTHOR) severin.sadjina@sintef.no, Skjong, Stian2 (AUTHOR), Hagaseth, Marianne1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Software & Systems Modeling. Apr2025, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p471-487. 17p.
Subjects: Dynamic positioning systems, Functional groups, Artificial intelligence, Image processing, Semantics
Abstract: The task of interfacing sub-simulators in a co-simulation often remains difficult, tedious, and prone to error. Here, we describe how this process, and the validation of the resulting interface connections, can be made simpler, faster, and more reliable. Especially when, as is often the case, several individuals or teams collaborate on modeling and simulating a full system. This is achieved by grouping functional mock-up interface (FMI) variables into types close to the relevant engineering domains using semantics formalized as an ontology. Several benefits, we argue, are gained from this: clearer communication, increased validation potential, and reduced number of interface connections to deal with. The validity and the limitations of our approach are demonstrated with a detailed case study of a real maritime system: A dynamic positioning (DP) hardware controller connected to several independent co-simulation models via 156 variables in 78 connections. The proposed solution greatly reduces the complexities and the error potential related to interfacing such systems. All results including reference implementations are openly available through the open simulation platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Software & Systems Modeling is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The task of interfacing sub-simulators in a co-simulation often remains difficult, tedious, and prone to error. Here, we describe how this process, and the validation of the resulting interface connections, can be made simpler, faster, and more reliable. Especially when, as is often the case, several individuals or teams collaborate on modeling and simulating a full system. This is achieved by grouping functional mock-up interface (FMI) variables into types close to the relevant engineering domains using semantics formalized as an ontology. Several benefits, we argue, are gained from this: clearer communication, increased validation potential, and reduced number of interface connections to deal with. The validity and the limitations of our approach are demonstrated with a detailed case study of a real maritime system: A dynamic positioning (DP) hardware controller connected to several independent co-simulation models via 156 variables in 78 connections. The proposed solution greatly reduces the complexities and the error potential related to interfacing such systems. All results including reference implementations are openly available through the open simulation platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Software & Systems Modeling is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Apr2025
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