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Shifting, expanding, or contracting? Range movement consequences for biodiversity.

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Title: Shifting, expanding, or contracting? Range movement consequences for biodiversity.
Authors: Brodie, Jedediah F.1,2 (AUTHOR) jedediah.brodie@umontana.edu, Freeman, Benjamin G.3 (AUTHOR), Mannion, Philip D.4 (AUTHOR), Hargreaves, Anna L.5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. May2025, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p439-448. 10p.
Subjects: Habitat destruction, Endangered species, Climate change, Paleoclimatology, Community change
Abstract: In the face of extremely rapid climate disruption and widespread habitat loss, species may have to move faster than they ever have, while having those movements impeded more than ever before. The different types of range changes have different implications for population persistence, the diversity of local communities, and overall global diversity. If species range changes tend to be dominated by expansions, persistence will tend to increase, diversity in most communities should remain stable or increase, and global diversity should be maintained. In contrast, if range shifts or contractions predominate, low latitude and elevation communities may decline in diversity, leading to a reduction in global diversity via loss of lowland tropical taxa that cannot relocate, island endemics with nowhere to shift to, and loss of cold-restricted taxa at high elevations and latitudes. The measurement and prediction of range changes need to incorporate a variety of drivers besides climate, including habitat destruction (and associated loss of connectivity), which can force range expansions or shifts to become contractions, elevating extinction risk and restructuring communities. A greater focus on warm edge changes, particularly in the tropics, is crucial for understanding how species ranges have changed through deep time and are changing currently, along with what these dynamics mean for local and global diversity. Climate change is causing species ranges to shift, expand, and contract, with divergent and underappreciated consequences for local and global biodiversity. Widespread range shifts should increase local diversity in most areas but reduce it in the tropical lowlands. Widespread expansions should maintain diversity at low latitudes while increasing diversity elsewhere, leading to stable global biodiversity. Expansions and shifts are both common responses to climate change now and in the deep past. To understand how changing ranges will reshape Earth's biodiversity, we argue for three research directions: (i) leverage paleontological data to reveal long-term biodiversity responses, (ii) better monitor low-elevation and latitude limits to distinguish shifts from expansions, and (iii) incorporate dispersal barriers that can turn would-be shifts into contractions and extinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Trends in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Shifting, expanding, or contracting? Range movement consequences for biodiversity.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Trends+in+Ecology+%26+Evolution%22">Trends in Ecology & Evolution</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p439-448. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Habitat+destruction%22">Habitat destruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Endangered+species%22">Endangered species</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paleoclimatology%22">Paleoclimatology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Community+change%22">Community change</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In the face of extremely rapid climate disruption and widespread habitat loss, species may have to move faster than they ever have, while having those movements impeded more than ever before. The different types of range changes have different implications for population persistence, the diversity of local communities, and overall global diversity. If species range changes tend to be dominated by expansions, persistence will tend to increase, diversity in most communities should remain stable or increase, and global diversity should be maintained. In contrast, if range shifts or contractions predominate, low latitude and elevation communities may decline in diversity, leading to a reduction in global diversity via loss of lowland tropical taxa that cannot relocate, island endemics with nowhere to shift to, and loss of cold-restricted taxa at high elevations and latitudes. The measurement and prediction of range changes need to incorporate a variety of drivers besides climate, including habitat destruction (and associated loss of connectivity), which can force range expansions or shifts to become contractions, elevating extinction risk and restructuring communities. A greater focus on warm edge changes, particularly in the tropics, is crucial for understanding how species ranges have changed through deep time and are changing currently, along with what these dynamics mean for local and global diversity. Climate change is causing species ranges to shift, expand, and contract, with divergent and underappreciated consequences for local and global biodiversity. Widespread range shifts should increase local diversity in most areas but reduce it in the tropical lowlands. Widespread expansions should maintain diversity at low latitudes while increasing diversity elsewhere, leading to stable global biodiversity. Expansions and shifts are both common responses to climate change now and in the deep past. To understand how changing ranges will reshape Earth's biodiversity, we argue for three research directions: (i) leverage paleontological data to reveal long-term biodiversity responses, (ii) better monitor low-elevation and latitude limits to distinguish shifts from expansions, and (iii) incorporate dispersal barriers that can turn would-be shifts into contractions and extinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Trends in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: May2025
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