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Optimizing nanoscale energy harvesting with a novel L-shaped nano-beam with nonlocal elasticity and flexoelectric effects.

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Title: Optimizing nanoscale energy harvesting with a novel L-shaped nano-beam with nonlocal elasticity and flexoelectric effects.
Authors: Pandey, Chandan1 (AUTHOR), Pratiher, Barun1 (AUTHOR) barun@iitj.ac.in
Source: Acta Mechanica. May2025, Vol. 236 Issue 5, p2865-2894. 30p.
Subjects: Hamilton's principle function, Ordinary differential equations, Partial differential equations, Nonlinear differential equations, Quality factor, Flexoelectricity
Abstract: This study introduces a novel L-shaped nano-beam energy harvester engineered for efficient vibration-based energy extraction at the nanoscale. The design integrates nonlocal geometric effects and flexoelectric influences, featuring a rectangular proof mass subjected to base excitation. The system's dynamics are governed by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) formulated using Eringen's theory. These equations are discretized into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through Galerkin's method and extended Hamilton's principle, leading to closed-form nonlinear expressions for characteristic voltage and power. The analysis demonstrates that even a minimal increase in nonlocal parameters results in a substantial rise in voltage and power, highlighting the critical importance of size-dependent effects. This study highlights how optimizing quality factors, proof mass inertia, amplitude, forcing, and load resistance significantly enhances the harvester's output. Experimental validation demonstrates strong agreement between theoretical predictions and obtained experimental results. These findings highlight the profound impact of size-dependent and flexoelectric effects on vibration behavior and energy efficiency. The proposed framework offers promising advancements for nanodevices in applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensors, and broadband flexoelectric sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Mechanica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: This study introduces a novel L-shaped nano-beam energy harvester engineered for efficient vibration-based energy extraction at the nanoscale. The design integrates nonlocal geometric effects and flexoelectric influences, featuring a rectangular proof mass subjected to base excitation. The system's dynamics are governed by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) formulated using Eringen's theory. These equations are discretized into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through Galerkin's method and extended Hamilton's principle, leading to closed-form nonlinear expressions for characteristic voltage and power. The analysis demonstrates that even a minimal increase in nonlocal parameters results in a substantial rise in voltage and power, highlighting the critical importance of size-dependent effects. This study highlights how optimizing quality factors, proof mass inertia, amplitude, forcing, and load resistance significantly enhances the harvester's output. Experimental validation demonstrates strong agreement between theoretical predictions and obtained experimental results. These findings highlight the profound impact of size-dependent and flexoelectric effects on vibration behavior and energy efficiency. The proposed framework offers promising advancements for nanodevices in applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensors, and broadband flexoelectric sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Mechanica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00707-025-04289-7
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ordinary differential equations
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      – SubjectFull: Partial differential equations
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      – SubjectFull: Quality factor
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              Text: May2025
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