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Biofidelity Investigation and Chest Structure Enhancement of Q3 Dummy Restrained in Impact Shield Child Restraint System.

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Title: Biofidelity Investigation and Chest Structure Enhancement of Q3 Dummy Restrained in Impact Shield Child Restraint System.
Authors: Zhang, Xuerong1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Wanqing1 (AUTHOR), Gao, Jing2 (AUTHOR), Tu, Zuhong3 (AUTHOR), Ye, Xin4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yang1 (AUTHOR) liuyangron@163.com, Tu, Wenqiong1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Jun2025, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1486-1495. 10p.
Subjects: Child restraint systems in automobiles, Finite element method, Performance in children, Pelvis, Lungs
Abstract: Purpose: The biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices directly affects the evaluation of safety performance of child restraint systems. The purpose is to enhance the biofidelity of Q3 child dummy by chest structure reconstruction for the accurate prediction of the child injuries during a frontal crash. Methods: The finite element model of Q3 child dummy restrained in impact shield child restraint systems was validated through a frontal sled test. Based on the validated sled test simulation models, the comparative biofidelity analyses between Q3 model and PIPER 3-year-old human model were conducted by the quantitative kinematic and biomechanical analyses. The internal chest structure difference between Q3 and PIPER 3-year-old human model is discussed, and the absence of the heart, lungs, and great vessels in the Q3 dummy leads to the low biofidelity; therefore, the chest structure and cardiopulmonary model of Q3 dummy were reconstructed to enhance the biofidelity. Results: In comparison to the original Q3 model, the chest deflection, head forward displacement, and neck bending angle of the reconstructed Q3 model increased by 38.5, 2.2, and 17%, respectively, and the upward displacement of the hip decreased by 49%. The head swing degree of the reconstructed Q3 model is dramatically reduced during the rebound process, and the injury assessment criteria of the head, chest, and pelvis can reach more than 95% of the level of the PIPER 3-year-old human model. Conclusions: This study shows that the chest reconstruction can significantly improve the biofidelity of the Q3 dummy, and future study is recommended to optimize the spinal structures of the Q3 model for further enhancement of biofidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Biofidelity Investigation and Chest Structure Enhancement of Q3 Dummy Restrained in Impact Shield Child Restraint System.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xuerong%22">Zhang, Xuerong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Wanqing%22">Zhang, Wanqing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Jing%22">Gao, Jing</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tu%2C+Zuhong%22">Tu, Zuhong</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ye%2C+Xin%22">Ye, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yang%22">Liu, Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liuyangron@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tu%2C+Wenqiong%22">Tu, Wenqiong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering%22">Annals of Biomedical Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1486-1495. 10p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+restraint+systems+in+automobiles%22">Child restraint systems in automobiles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Performance+in+children%22">Performance in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pelvis%22">Pelvis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lungs%22">Lungs</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: The biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices directly affects the evaluation of safety performance of child restraint systems. The purpose is to enhance the biofidelity of Q3 child dummy by chest structure reconstruction for the accurate prediction of the child injuries during a frontal crash. Methods: The finite element model of Q3 child dummy restrained in impact shield child restraint systems was validated through a frontal sled test. Based on the validated sled test simulation models, the comparative biofidelity analyses between Q3 model and PIPER 3-year-old human model were conducted by the quantitative kinematic and biomechanical analyses. The internal chest structure difference between Q3 and PIPER 3-year-old human model is discussed, and the absence of the heart, lungs, and great vessels in the Q3 dummy leads to the low biofidelity; therefore, the chest structure and cardiopulmonary model of Q3 dummy were reconstructed to enhance the biofidelity. Results: In comparison to the original Q3 model, the chest deflection, head forward displacement, and neck bending angle of the reconstructed Q3 model increased by 38.5, 2.2, and 17%, respectively, and the upward displacement of the hip decreased by 49%. The head swing degree of the reconstructed Q3 model is dramatically reduced during the rebound process, and the injury assessment criteria of the head, chest, and pelvis can reach more than 95% of the level of the PIPER 3-year-old human model. Conclusions: This study shows that the chest reconstruction can significantly improve the biofidelity of the Q3 dummy, and future study is recommended to optimize the spinal structures of the Q3 model for further enhancement of biofidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10439-025-03727-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1486
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Child restraint systems in automobiles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Performance in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pelvis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lungs
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Biofidelity Investigation and Chest Structure Enhancement of Q3 Dummy Restrained in Impact Shield Child Restraint System.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Zhang, Xuerong
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            NameFull: Zhang, Wanqing
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            NameFull: Ye, Xin
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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