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Directed Weighted EEG Connectogram Insights of One-to-One Causality for Identifying Developmental Dyslexia.

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Title: Directed Weighted EEG Connectogram Insights of One-to-One Causality for Identifying Developmental Dyslexia.
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Ignacio1 (AUTHOR) ignacio.rodriguez@ic.uma.es, Mateo-Trujillo, José Ignacio1 (AUTHOR), Ortiz, Andrés1 (AUTHOR) aortiz@ic.uma.es, Gallego-Molina, Nicolás J.1 (AUTHOR), Castillo-Barnes, Diego1 (AUTHOR), Luque, Juan L.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Neural Systems. Jun2025, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p1-21. 21p.
Subjects: Dyslexia, Phonological decoding, Auditory perception, Receiver operating characteristic curves, Functional connectivity
Abstract: Developmental dyslexia (DD) affects approximately 5–12% of learners, posing persistent challenges in reading and writing. This study presents a novel electroencephalography (EEG)-based methodology for identifying DD using two auditory stimuli modulated at 4.8 Hz (prosodic) and 40 Hz (phonemic). EEG signals were processed to estimate one-to-one Granger causality, yielding directed and weighted connectivity matrices. A novel Mutually Informed Correlation Coefficient (MICC) feature selection method was employed to identify the most relevant causal links, which were visualized using connectograms. Under the 4.8 Hz stimulus, altered theta-band connectivity between frontal and occipital regions indicated compensatory frontal activation for prosodic processing and visual–auditory integration difficulties, while gamma-band anomalies between occipital and temporal regions suggested impaired visual–prosodic integration. Classification analysis under the 4.8 Hz stimulus yielded area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.92 (theta) and 0.91 (gamma band). Under the 40 Hz stimulus, theta abnormalities reflected dysfunctions in integrating auditory phoneme signals with executive and motor regions, and gamma alterations indicated difficulties coordinating visual and auditory inputs for phonological decoding, with AUC values of 0.84 (theta) and 0.89 (gamma). These results support both the Temporal Sampling Framework and the Phonological Core Deficit Hypothesis. Future research should extend the range of stimuli frequencies and include more diverse cohorts to further validate these potential biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Neural Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Directed Weighted EEG Connectogram Insights of One-to-One Causality for Identifying Developmental Dyslexia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Neural+Systems%22">International Journal of Neural Systems</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p1-21. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dyslexia%22">Dyslexia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+decoding%22">Phonological decoding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Auditory+perception%22">Auditory perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Receiver+operating+characteristic+curves%22">Receiver operating characteristic curves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+connectivity%22">Functional connectivity</searchLink>
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  Data: Developmental dyslexia (DD) affects approximately 5–12% of learners, posing persistent challenges in reading and writing. This study presents a novel electroencephalography (EEG)-based methodology for identifying DD using two auditory stimuli modulated at 4.8 Hz (prosodic) and 40 Hz (phonemic). EEG signals were processed to estimate one-to-one Granger causality, yielding directed and weighted connectivity matrices. A novel Mutually Informed Correlation Coefficient (MICC) feature selection method was employed to identify the most relevant causal links, which were visualized using connectograms. Under the 4.8 Hz stimulus, altered theta-band connectivity between frontal and occipital regions indicated compensatory frontal activation for prosodic processing and visual–auditory integration difficulties, while gamma-band anomalies between occipital and temporal regions suggested impaired visual–prosodic integration. Classification analysis under the 4.8 Hz stimulus yielded area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.92 (theta) and 0.91 (gamma band). Under the 40 Hz stimulus, theta abnormalities reflected dysfunctions in integrating auditory phoneme signals with executive and motor regions, and gamma alterations indicated difficulties coordinating visual and auditory inputs for phonological decoding, with AUC values of 0.84 (theta) and 0.89 (gamma). These results support both the Temporal Sampling Framework and the Phonological Core Deficit Hypothesis. Future research should extend the range of stimuli frequencies and include more diverse cohorts to further validate these potential biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Neural Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1142/S0129065725500327
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Auditory perception
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      – TitleFull: Directed Weighted EEG Connectogram Insights of One-to-One Causality for Identifying Developmental Dyslexia.
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              Text: Jun2025
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              Y: 2025
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